결과적 가중범과 고의 결합범의 입법통일성 결여에 따른 문제점 (The problem from the lack of legislative unity to the legal provisions of the consequently aggravated and combined crimes under the Korean Criminal Code)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국형사정책학회
· 수록지 정보 : 형사정책 / 27권 / 3호 / 109 ~ 134페이지
· 저자명 : 손동권

초록

우리나라 형법각칙에는 고의의 기본범죄와 가중결과에 대한 과실범이 결합된 소위 (진정) 결과적 가중범과 고의의 기본범죄에 추가적으로 또 다른 고의범이 결합된 소위 (고의) 결합범의 구성요건이 적지 않게 입법화 되어 있다. 그런데 그 입법형식에 관한한 누더기 입법이라고 할 정도로 입법의 통일성이 결여되어 있다. 우선적으로 양 범죄에 공통적으로 요구되는 고의의 기본범죄에 대해 규정 형식상 기수범 만으로 한정한 것과 기수범 이외에 미수범도 포함시킨 것이 서로 혼재되어 있다. 그리고 기본범죄로서 기수만인지 미수도 포함되는지가 의문스럽게 규정된 것도 있고, 하나의 구성요건에 여러 기본범죄를 포함하여 규정한 것(특수공무집행방해치상죄)도 있다. 다음으로, 양 범죄에 대해 미수범 처벌규정이 있는 것과 미수범 처벌규정이 없는 것이 혼재되어 있기도 하다. 이러한 입법적 불통일성 때문에 적지 않은 해석론 내지 법적용 상의 문제점이 대두되고 있다. 그 문제점은 결과적 가중범의 경우에는 기본범죄가 미수인 상태에서 가중결과가 발생한 경우에 발생된다. 고의 결합범에서도 입법적 불통일성에 따른 미수 등의 법적용상 문제점이 발생한다. 결과적 가중범과 고의 결합범에 공통된 입법적 불통일성에 따른 법적용의 문제점들에 대해 본고는 더욱 구체적으로 분석하고, 종국적으로는 제도개선을 위한 형사정책적 입법론도 개진하였다.

영어초록

There are a lot of legal provisions of consequently aggravated and combined crimes under the Korean Criminal Code. Clause 2, Article 15 of The Korean Criminal Code is generally regarded as the ground regulation of Consequentially aggravated crime. It provides that “Crimes for which punishment become more severe due to results thereof, shall not be punishable for more severe crimes if such results were not foreseeable.” The consequentially aggravated crime consists of the combination of a deliberate offense and a criminal negligence. The basic crimes of consequentially aggravated crimes are heavily regulated which often lead to heavy effects, mostly injury or death. So the punishment of consequentially aggravated crime is much heavier than that of the simple combination form of a deliberate offense and a criminal negligence dealt with by Article 40. The combined crimes especially, with the consequently aggravated crimes, are ruled also by individual provisions under the Korean Criminal Code. For example, a robber who injures another or causes injury to another, shall be punished by imprisonment for life or at least seven years(Article 337). If a robber murders another person, he shall be punished by death or imprisonment for life. If it results in the death, one shall be punished by imprisonment for life or ten or more years(Article 338). According to the Korean Criminal Act, it shall be punishable as an attempted crime, when an intended crime is not completed or if the intended result does not occur(Article 25 (1)). The punishment for attempted crimes shall be specifically provided in each Article concerned(Article 29). Punishment is often less severe than would be the case if the attempted crime had been carried out. The type of an attempted crime of consequentially aggravated crime can be accepted as the case that basic crime merely extended to the stage of an attempted crime but has finally caused heavy effects. The attempt of robbery resulting in a bodily injury, as the combined crime in this study, depends on whether the result of a bodily injury occurs or not. When a completed robber causes no bodily injury, the robber is responsible for attempt of robbery resulting in a bodily injury. By contrast, when an attempted robber causes a bodily injury, the robber is responsible for completion of robbery resulting in a bodily injury under korean legal precedent. It is needed to revise the regulations of consequentially aggravated and combined crimes, which their legislation is defective in unity. For this reason, this study is straight on the problem from the lack of legislative unity to the legal provisions of consequently aggravated and combined crimes under The Korean Criminal Code.

참고자료

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