중국의 국가 권력과 언론 : 1957년 반우파운동 중의 언론계 비판을 중심으로 (Tension Exposed: Clash between the Chinese Communist Party and the Journalistic Field during the Hundred Flowers Campaign and the Anti-Rightist Campaign in 1957)

서지정보

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· 저자명 : 진세정

초록

This paper analyzes conflicts and tension between the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the news media that was publicly exposed during the Hundred Flowers Campaign and the Anti-Rightist Campaign of 1957 in China. By doing so, I would like to examine the implication of the conflicts in understanding the relations between the party and the news media during the 1950s. Previous studies on the Chinese media during Mao era assumed that the media functioned simply as a mouthpiece of the party, so few studies explored the relations between the CCP and the media in depth. Recent study on the nationalization of a Shanghai newspaper, Wenhuibao by Zhang Jishun pointed out the limits of the CCP’s capacity in controlling the media in the early 1950s. Other studies on the 1950s also revealed the CCP’s limits in its capacity to control the society refuting the previous perception of the 1950s China as a “Golden Age.” Building upon these studies, this research argues that the conflicts between the CCP and the non-party publishers and journalists exposed publicly during the Hundred Flowers Campaign and the Anti-Rightist Campaign represented the limits of the CCP’s capacity in controlling the news media in the 1950s before the Anti-Rightist Campaign. During the Anti-Rightist Campaign, Mao Zedong and the party leaders branded the news media, publishers, journalists, and journalism scholars critical of the CCP during the Hundred Flowers Campaign as the rightists representing the anti-socialist, and anti-people capitalist class. By doing so, the CCP could effectively undermine the legitimacy of the non-party journalists’ discussion on the CCP’s media policy publicized during the Hundred Flowers Campaign. This also led to the consolidation of the CCP’s control over the media. Nevertheless, the analysis of the contention and debates between the party and the non-party news media and journalists reveals that the discourse defining the relations between the party and the news media is far from being fixed, but rather still fluid.

영어초록

This paper analyzes conflicts and tension between the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the news media that was publicly exposed during the Hundred Flowers Campaign and the Anti-Rightist Campaign of 1957 in China. By doing so, I would like to examine the implication of the conflicts in understanding the relations between the party and the news media during the 1950s. Previous studies on the Chinese media during Mao era assumed that the media functioned simply as a mouthpiece of the party, so few studies explored the relations between the CCP and the media in depth. Recent study on the nationalization of a Shanghai newspaper, Wenhuibao by Zhang Jishun pointed out the limits of the CCP’s capacity in controlling the media in the early 1950s. Other studies on the 1950s also revealed the CCP’s limits in its capacity to control the society refuting the previous perception of the 1950s China as a “Golden Age.” Building upon these studies, this research argues that the conflicts between the CCP and the non-party publishers and journalists exposed publicly during the Hundred Flowers Campaign and the Anti-Rightist Campaign represented the limits of the CCP’s capacity in controlling the news media in the 1950s before the Anti-Rightist Campaign. During the Anti-Rightist Campaign, Mao Zedong and the party leaders branded the news media, publishers, journalists, and journalism scholars critical of the CCP during the Hundred Flowers Campaign as the rightists representing the anti-socialist, and anti-people capitalist class. By doing so, the CCP could effectively undermine the legitimacy of the non-party journalists’ discussion on the CCP’s media policy publicized during the Hundred Flowers Campaign. This also led to the consolidation of the CCP’s control over the media. Nevertheless, the analysis of the contention and debates between the party and the non-party news media and journalists reveals that the discourse defining the relations between the party and the news media is far from being fixed, but rather still fluid.

참고자료

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