민중미술: 「원시(原始)를 꿈꾸다」, 바타이유(G. Bataille)와 루카치(G. Lukács) 사상으로 접목 고찰 (Minjung Art : 'Dream of going back to the primitive times', reading it by the theories of G. Bataille and G. Lukács)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 미술사와 시각문화학회
· 수록지 정보 : 미술사와 시각문화 / 10호 / 322 ~ 352페이지
· 저자명 : 김현화

초록

이 글은 루카치 사상과 바타이유 담론을 민중미술의 작품과 개념의 분석기저로 삼는다. 바타이유는 자본주의와 마르크스주의를 동시에 공격하며 휴머니즘 관점에서 부의 평등한 분배를 주장하였으며, 또한 후기마르크스주의자인 루카치는 예술이 휴머니티의 도구가 된다고 강조하였다. 이 두 학자의 사상은 현대사회의 구조적 모순으로 제기된 빈부의 격차를 해소하기 위한 이론적 배경으로 제공된 것이다. 민중미술 역시 자본주의의 모순과 군사독재정권의 출현이라는 사회의 구조적 모순에 맞서 출현된 미술장르이다. 바타이유, 루카치, 민중미술 모두 ‘민중을 위함’이라는 공통된 지향점을 갖고 있으므로 루카치와 바타이유 사상을 민중미술에 접목하여 고찰한다면 민중미술의 의미적 깊이를 더욱 심화시킬 수 있을 것이라 판단되어 연구를 진행하였다.

영어초록

In 1980‘s, Korean painters such as Kim Jung-heun, Kim Kyong-in, Son Jang-sup, Joo Jae-hwan, Oh Yoon, Lim Ok-Sang, Lee Jong-Gu, who witnessed Gwangju Massacre in May 1980, began to represent these terrible scenes in their arts. The movement is called 'Minjung Art'.
This research explores the characteristics and meanings of the Minjoong Art, primarily considering the relationship between art and Korean political situation in the 80's. Korea has depended on and been protected by the world superpower America after its liberation from Japan by the aid of American military force. This situation has deeply affected Korean people that they have identified Americanization with capitalism, industrialization, and modernization. Minjung Artists thought that Korea has become a new colony of American economy, culture, art and politics. That is why Minjung Art was strongly motivated by the anti-colonial, and anti-American ideas.
Minjung Art is a Socialist Art based on the Marx-Lenin theories. As such, it has its root in the philosophy of Gyögy Lukács. In this paper, I attempt to illuminate the theoretical relationship between the Gyögy Lukács, Georges Bataille and Minjung Art. Gyögy Lukács, an influential literary and art critic of the twentieth century, was a Post-Marxist who pointed out the capability of Realist Art to confront an objective reality that exists in the world. Georges Bataille, a French writer, economist, and sociologist, was a member of the extremely influential 'College of Sociology' in France. For them, work was the foundation for knowledge and ration.
In the primitive times, Art was a work. Bataille believed that the making of tools and weapons was the departure point for that early faculty of ration, which humanized the animals we once had been. It is obviously work that made him a human being, the reasonable animal we are. Bataille thought that if it is true that work is our origin, if it is true that work is the key to humanity, human beings would eventually distance themselves completely from animality through work.
Minjung Art did not aim at the revolution of social reality but to be an ideological art seeking for the reforms of the society that grants freedom for the people.

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