몽오 김종수의 정조 묘정 배향과 출향, 복향의 의미 (Mong’oh Kim Jong-su’s Enshrinement as King Jeongjo’s Meritorious Vassal inside the Dynastic Shrine, His tablet’s Subsequent dismissal, Re-enshrinement, and Meaning)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국역사연구회
· 수록지 정보 : 역사와 현실 / 130호 / 153 ~ 188페이지
· 저자명 : 임혜련

초록

본고는 정조의 배향공신 김종수가 조선에서는 유일하게 종묘에 배향(配享)되었다가, 출향(黜享)되고, 다시 복향(復享)된 과정과 배경을 검토한 연구이다.
종묘에 있는 공신당에는 국왕의 치세에 기여한 공덕을 인정받은 배향공신의 신주를 모셔두었다. 배향공신은 선왕의 부묘(祔廟)를 앞두고 회권을 하여 결정하였다. 배향공신은 정치적 관계에 따라 선정되며, ‘배향공신교서’에서 선정한 배경을 확인할 수 있다. 김종수는 정조의 배향공신으로 1802년 종묘에 배향되었다. 선정 배경은 첫째, 정조의 세손시절부터 쌓아온 인연, 둘째, 『명의록』을 편찬해서 의리를 세우고 지켜온 활동, 셋째, 벽파(僻派)가 집권하고 있었던 정국 구도에 있었다.
그러나 김종수는 벽파가 쫒겨난 ‘병인경화’와 이어진 이경신 옥사에 연루되어서 1807년 종묘에서 출향되었다. 그 이유는 김종수가 사도세자를 죽게 한 벽파의 수장으로, 정조의 정통성을 부정한김귀주･김한록의 배후라고 지목되었기 때문이다. 김종수는 시파(時派)가 집권하게 되자 종묘에서 출향되었고, 관직도 추탈되었다.
고종이 즉위한 후 1864년에 그동안 죄인으로 목록에 올라 있었던 종친들과 벽파 인물들이 사면되었다. 이때 김종수도 사면되어 관직을 되찾았다. 그리고 정조의 배향공신으로 종묘에 복향되었다. 김종수가 복향된 것은 대왕대비 신정왕후와 흥선대원군의 정치적 입장이 반영된 것이었다.

영어초록

Examined in this article is a person named Kim Jong-su, who was named as a meritorious vassal for King Jeongjo(正祖, 1776-1800) and also enshrined in Joseon’s Dynastic shrine, the Jongmyo(宗廟). Quite noticeably, Kim Jong-su was the only case in Joseon history whose tablet was enshrined(Bae’hyang, 配享), then dismissed from the Shrine(Chul’hyang, 黜享) only to be re-enshrined (Bog’hyang, 復享) later. How all these incidents occurred, and what were the reasons behind them, are examined in this article.
There was a Gongshin-dang(功臣堂) chamber inside the Jongmyo shrine, where posthumous tablets of meritorious vassals (with their names written on them) who performed admirably and contributed significantly to the governance of a king would be enshrined. Who should be enshrined in such a glorious fashion were decided right before the king that vassal had served was to be enshrined in Jongmyo(Bu’myo, 祔廟), after a Hwegweon round of deliberation.
It was a political process, and reasons for selecting a specific individual were documented in the ‘Bae’hyang Gongshin Gyoseo(配享功臣敎書, Royal order to enshrine a meritorious vassal).
Kim Jong–su was selected as a Bae’hyang Gongshin for King Jeongjo, and was enshrined as such in 1802. He was chosen because of many reasons: First, he had a long-standing relationship with Jeongjo since the king’s Crown-prince days. Secondly, he compiled a book named Myeong’ui-rok(明義錄) and lived righteously all his life. And thirdly, at the time the Byeokpa(僻派) faction happened to be in control of the government.
However, after the Byeong’in(丙寅)-year purge, during which members of the Byeokpa faction were expelled from the government, and also due to implications of the criminal case of Yi Gyeong-shin, Kim Jong-su’s tablet was decided to be taken out of the Jongmyo shrine in 1807. The reason for the dismissal of Kim’s tablet was that Kim Jong-su was the leader of the Byeokpa faction which had earlier contributed to the death of the late Crown prince Sado(father of King Jeongjo no less), and also because he was named as the indivdiual who had been pulling strings from behind of Kim Gwi-ju and Kim Han-rok, who had once denounced Jeongjo’s legitimate claim to the throne With the Shipa(時派) faction newly in power, his tablet was finally removed, while his titles were stripped as well.
Then, after King Gojong was enthroned, royal family members and the Byeokpa members who were on the criminal list received amnesty in 1864, and Kim Jong-su was amongst those who were pardoned. His title was reinstated, with his tablet again enshrined in Jongmyo as King Jeongjo’s Bae’hyang Gongshin. This was a result of a political decision made by Dowager Queen Shinjeong and Heungseon Dae’weon-gun, who was the father of Gojong.

참고자료

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