나이로비 도시경관의 변화: 거주민의 목소리를 통해 본 나이로비 변천사 (Changing Landscape of Nairobi: Transformation of Nairobi through the Voices of Nairobians)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국외국어대학교(글로벌캠퍼스) 아프리카연구소
· 수록지 정보 : Asian Journal of African Studies / 36권 / 1호 / 31 ~ 56페이지
· 저자명 : 장용규

초록

Nairobi is one of the fast growing Metropolitans in Africa. The population of the city in the early 1960s was barely about 250,000, however, half a century later in 2010, it reached at 3,350,000. This tremendous increasement in demography brought about the transformation of social landscapes, i.e. the changing pattern of racial and ethnic composition, the mushrooming of slums and informal settlements and so on.
However, at the same time, the structural landscape of Nairobi, Apartheid styled residential segregation imposed on during colonial period, remains after the independence upto now with its slightly changed form: from race based residential segregation to class based one. In the past, most of favorable environments for human habitat in Nairobi had been allocated to European settlers while Africans were given barren and wild part of Nairobi.
After independence, as Kenyan government imposed on the policy of ‘Africanization’, able and wealthy Africans, such as entrepreneur and high-level public officers, slowly occupied prior-European settelers residential areas, while low income African laborers remain in the same landscape.
Nairobi City Council, facing with massive immigration of Africans to the city, planned to build up ‘planned residential areas’ for African laborers or civil servants. Jericho, Pangani and other areas were selected as model areas. However, rapid population growth in Nairobi led to mushrooming squatters and informal settlements. Mismanagement and corruption of City Council also has resulted the decline of city development. Therefore, Nairobi today reflects the colonial residential structure.
In this paper, I tried to demonstrate the voices of Nairobians who have been silenced in the course of the developmental transformation of Nairobi. Their marginalised, forgotten and hidden histories, however, carry significant values to reconstruct the history of Nairobi. Therefore, the location of informants is more or less confined to Eastlands in which majority of poor Nairobians reside.

영어초록

Nairobi is one of the fast growing Metropolitans in Africa. The population of the city in the early 1960s was barely about 250,000, however, half a century later in 2010, it reached at 3,350,000. This tremendous increasement in demography brought about the transformation of social landscapes, i.e. the changing pattern of racial and ethnic composition, the mushrooming of slums and informal settlements and so on.
However, at the same time, the structural landscape of Nairobi, Apartheid styled residential segregation imposed on during colonial period, remains after the independence upto now with its slightly changed form: from race based residential segregation to class based one. In the past, most of favorable environments for human habitat in Nairobi had been allocated to European settlers while Africans were given barren and wild part of Nairobi.
After independence, as Kenyan government imposed on the policy of ‘Africanization’, able and wealthy Africans, such as entrepreneur and high-level public officers, slowly occupied prior-European settelers residential areas, while low income African laborers remain in the same landscape.
Nairobi City Council, facing with massive immigration of Africans to the city, planned to build up ‘planned residential areas’ for African laborers or civil servants. Jericho, Pangani and other areas were selected as model areas. However, rapid population growth in Nairobi led to mushrooming squatters and informal settlements. Mismanagement and corruption of City Council also has resulted the decline of city development. Therefore, Nairobi today reflects the colonial residential structure.
In this paper, I tried to demonstrate the voices of Nairobians who have been silenced in the course of the developmental transformation of Nairobi. Their marginalised, forgotten and hidden histories, however, carry significant values to reconstruct the history of Nairobi. Therefore, the location of informants is more or less confined to Eastlands in which majority of poor Nairobians reside.

참고자료

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