청말(1907∼1911) 길림성의 旗地 정돈과 旗人 생계의 도모 (The Banner-land Management and the Making a Living for Bannermen in Jilin Province, 1907∼1911)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 동양사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 동양사학연구 / 152호 / 425 ~ 465페이지
· 저자명 : 이지영

초록

In this paper, we looked at how Jilin province worked to ensure the livelihood of the Bannermen through the reform of Banner system in the early 20th century. It was land that Jilin province relied on for the livelihood of 400 thousand bannermen. In carrying out the banner system reform, Jilin province focused on enabling bannermen to rely on themselves by settling them down on land. The Qing dynasty also emphasized giving out equal amount of land to each bannermen since 1907. However, except for the San-xing(三姓) area, there were few places in Jilin where there were enough land to be distributed. Since much of the banner-land in Jilin were already occupied by the Han people, it was close to impossible to distribute land to bannermen in every part of the region.
As a result, the Jilin province changed their policy from distributing banner-land itself to banner-men to providing banner-men with the cost of living, using the fund raised from the banner-land. In the early phase of the reform, the local government focused on measuring land and imposing land tax, but from the end of 1910, they preferred earning big amount of money by selling out banner-land. In the process, people who had been tenant farmers for a long time were forced to purchase land, causing complaints from them. This shows that the Qing dynasty sacrificed the Han Chinese to make a living for the Bannermen.
Such works of Banner-land management as measuring land, imposing land tax, and selling out banner-land ostensibly meant to attract money from the Han Chinese to ensure the livelihood of the Manchus, while promoting the elimination of discrimination between Manchus and Han. The Qing dynasty’s logic that such reforms of Banner system can be achieved only when the livelihood of the Bannermen is guaranteed first has made the banner system reform and the harmony between Manchus and Han a long way off.

영어초록

In this paper, we looked at how Jilin province worked to ensure the livelihood of the Bannermen through the reform of Banner system in the early 20th century. It was land that Jilin province relied on for the livelihood of 400 thousand bannermen. In carrying out the banner system reform, Jilin province focused on enabling bannermen to rely on themselves by settling them down on land. The Qing dynasty also emphasized giving out equal amount of land to each bannermen since 1907. However, except for the San-xing(三姓) area, there were few places in Jilin where there were enough land to be distributed. Since much of the banner-land in Jilin were already occupied by the Han people, it was close to impossible to distribute land to bannermen in every part of the region.
As a result, the Jilin province changed their policy from distributing banner-land itself to banner-men to providing banner-men with the cost of living, using the fund raised from the banner-land. In the early phase of the reform, the local government focused on measuring land and imposing land tax, but from the end of 1910, they preferred earning big amount of money by selling out banner-land. In the process, people who had been tenant farmers for a long time were forced to purchase land, causing complaints from them. This shows that the Qing dynasty sacrificed the Han Chinese to make a living for the Bannermen.
Such works of Banner-land management as measuring land, imposing land tax, and selling out banner-land ostensibly meant to attract money from the Han Chinese to ensure the livelihood of the Manchus, while promoting the elimination of discrimination between Manchus and Han. The Qing dynasty’s logic that such reforms of Banner system can be achieved only when the livelihood of the Bannermen is guaranteed first has made the banner system reform and the harmony between Manchus and Han a long way off.

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