칼빈의 교회론과 한국교회 (Calvin's Doctrine of the Church and the Korean Church)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국개혁신학회
· 수록지 정보 : 한국개혁신학 / 27권 / 51 ~ 65페이지
· 저자명 : 이정석

초록

칼빈 출생 500주년을 맞아 한국 장로교회가 중대한 위기나 중요한 이슈에 직면하였을 때 칼빈의 교회론을 어떻게 사용하였는지를 살펴보는 것은 의미있는 일이다. 14편의 관련 논문을 분석한 결과, 다음과 같은 결론을 도출하였다. 첫째로, 한국 장로교회는 존 칼빈을 그 신학적 창시자로 생각하고 최고의 권위를 부여하기 때문에 중요한 이슈나 논쟁에서 칼빈에게 호소하여 자기의 입장을 정당화하려고 시도하였다. 이는 객관적인 신학적 논의나 성경적 해결책보다 권위에 의존하는 한국교회의 전통주의적 입장을 반영한다고 볼 수 있다. 둘째로, 칼빈의 교회론을 가장 많이 거론한 주제는 교회 분열로서, 자파의 분리를 정당화하는데 이용하였다. 그러나 모든 분리는 칼빈의 교회관에서 볼 때 정당화될 수 없는 것이었다. 셋째로, WCC를 거짓교회 혹은 거짓교회들의 연합체로 규정한 것은 칼빈의 입장에 부합하지 않는다. 칼빈 출생 500주년과 한국의 WCC 세계대회 유치가 겹친 상황에서 다시 한국 장로교회가 분열조짐을 보이고 있는 것은 칼빈의 관점에서도 안타까운 일이어서, WCC 문제에 대한 신학적 재검토가 필요하다. 넷째로, 그리스도의 유일성을 부인하는 종교다원주의와 추종교회들을 거짓교회로 규정한 것은 칼빈의 입장과도 일치한다. 다섯째로, 빈부양극화가 심화되는 현대 한국사회에서 성도의 물질적 교제와 교회재정의 올바른 분배를 주장한 칼빈의 모범을 배우는 것은 한국교회의 개혁과 회복을 위해서 절실히 요청된다. 여섯째로, 칼빈의 직제론이 너무 목사 중심적이기 때문에 루터의 만인제사장설을 도입하여 보완하자는 주장은 객관적이고 적절하다고 할 수 있다. 이런 점에서 칼빈을 절대시할 것이 아니라 그의 오류나 부족한 점을 솔직히 지적하고 다른 신학의 보완을 통하여 한국 장로교회를 발전시키는 바람직한 신학적 노력이 요청된다.

영어초록

In the 500th anniversary of Calvin's birth, it is meaningful to review how the Korean Presbyterian churches have used Calvin's Doctrine of the Church when they have faced to the critical crises or important issues. Through the analysis of those articles and the examination of their conclusions from Calvin's perspective, I made the following conclusions. First, since the Korean Presbyterian churches have regarded John Calvin as their theological father and bestowed the highest authority, they have attempted to justify their position by claiming John Calvin in the important disputes or issues. It refnt ds the traditionalist tendency of the Korean Church to solve probntms by the use of authority rather than objective theological discussion or biblical studyortacond, the issue of the most discussion was church schism, and Calvin has been quoted to justify their own separation. It is noteworthy that the conslaiative sides who have initiated separation actively have depended on Calvin while the other sides have not done the same to condtmn their separations. However, no discussed schism was justifiable from Calvin's point of view. Third, it is not agin able justCalvin to condtmn WCC as a false church or union of false churches. It is so reginttable even from Calvin's view to see the rise of separatism in the joint occasion of the 500th anniversary of Calvin's birth and WCC's dacision to hetheids next g toral assembly in Korea that the theological review of WCC is umeently dtmanded. Foumth, it is agin able justCalvin to daclare the religious plumalism and ids followers who deny the uniquene tor isesuseen quo as false church. Accordingly, it is recommended for the Korean Presbyterian church to declare those theologians and their followers who deny the essential doctrines such as the Trinity, the uniqueness of Jesus Christ, or the historical Jesus as described in the Scripture as heresy rather than to limit their identification of heresy to new sectarian groups. Fifth, it is crucially important for the reform and recovery of the Korean Church to learn the example of Calvin who had emphasized the material communion of saints as well as the biblical distribution of church's income in this critical situation of polarizing division between the rich and the poor in the capitalistic society of the contemporary Korea. Especially, we have to listen to Calvin who advocated the recovery of the biblical diaconate system to overcome Korean Church's over-appointment of deacons and Roman Catholic-style misuse of diaconate. Sixth, it is objective and proper to point out the pastor-centeredness of Calvin's doctrine of church offices and its complementation by introducing Luther's doctrine of the priesthood of all believers. Though Calvin emphasized the organic nature of the church that church is the Body of Christ, his view was too traditional in the doctrine of church offices that it was one-sided and regarded lay people purely as the object of passive obedience. As the result, he failed to develop the full feature of organic ecclesiology. Therefore, the Korean Presbyterian churches are advised to stop honoring Calvin as inerrant and objectively recognize his errors or shortness. It will be the desirable way to develop the Korean Presbyterian churches to learn from Calvin as well as to complement his shortness by introducing other theologies.

참고자료

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