從 “衝擊-反應論”到“時代環境-適應論”―美國學問模式的傳播與臺灣之中國近代史硏究 (From “Impact-Response Theory” to “Era Environment-Adaptation Approach”: Taiwanese Studies of Modern Chinese History and Cultural Cold War)

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· 저자명 : 정문상

초록

这篇文章從文化冷戰的觀點分析福特基金會和中央研究院近代史研究所(近史所)之間形成的文化關係, 嘗試解析臺灣學界的中國近代史硏究具有的冷戰性。 福特基金會以近史所爲對象, 長期支援研究費, 構建了文化關係。以建立這種文化關係爲契機, 近史所正式全面開展中國近代史研究, 並發展爲世界性研究所。 這種研究活動的發展意味着, 以近代化論爲代表的冷戰學問模式和費正淸“衝擊―反應論”正式流入和擴散。 但是, 近代化論並不是單方面的、單方向的流入近史所。 帶領近史所的郭廷以能動地接受近代化論。 他根據自己的研究成果, 繼承並發展了羅家倫和蔣廷黻的學問, 提出了“時代環境―適應論”的觀點。 郭廷以的“時代環境―適應論”爲近史所研究員們提供了硏究中國近代化乃至近代史的觀點, 依據這樣的觀點和邏輯, 近史所研究員們分析並構成了中國近代史。 總之, 臺灣的對中國近代史研究的開端是與文化冷戰有着密切的關係的, 同時這一文化冷戰不是单方向的、片面的，而是多层面而复合地展開的。

영어초록

This article aims to shed light on the Cold War characteristics exhibited in the modern Chinese history research and interpretation in the Taiwanese academic and research community by analyzing the cultural relations established between the Ford Foundation and the Institute of Modern History, Academia Sinica under the aspect of Cold War. The Ford Foundation has maintained a cultural relationship with the Institute of Modern History by funding research grants over a long period of time. It was owing to this cultural relationship that the latter could perform full-fledged research on modern Chinese history and grow into a world-class research institute.
The Institute’s research activities and growth were accompanied by the influx of the modernist paradigm of Cold War and John Fairbank’s impact-response theory based on it into the Taiwanese history research community and its persistent dissemination. In this process, the Institute was not unilaterally on the receiving end of this Cold War paradigm, but played an active role in adopting and promoting it by embracing the modernization theory. Guo Ting-yi (郭廷以), the then Director of the Institute, avidly advocated the modernization theory by presenting his “era environment-adaptation” approach based on his research achievements upholding and expanding the scholarly legacy of Lou Jia-lun (羅家倫) and Jiang Ting-fu (蔣廷黻).
Guo’s views influenced the Institute’s researchers, determining the direction of their research on the Chinese modernization and modern history. They addressed various modern issues from the perspectives of the views and theories instilled in them and constructed modern history accordingly. To conclude, whereas the inception of the Chinese modern history research in Taiwan is closely associated with the cultural Cold War campaigned by the USA towards Taiwan, the modern Chinese history research cannot be understood in a unilateral and linear context, but its multidimensional composite structure should be taken into account.

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