동산·채권 등의 담보에 관한 법률상 채권담보권의 제문제 (Issues of the Rights of Secured Claim on the Movable Property and Secured Claim Act)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 사단법인 한국법이론실무학회
· 수록지 정보 : 법이론실무연구 / 1권 / 1호 / 91 ~ 131페이지
· 저자명 : 김현선

초록

현재 시행되고 있는 동산․채권 등 담보에 관한 법률은 선진 각국의 법제 추세에 따라 중소기업 등이 동산과 채권 등을 이용하여 자금조달의 안정성과 실효성을 확보하는 등 기업활동의 편의를 제공하고자 도입되었다. 그런데 우리의 실정 및 현대 금융거래에 맞게 활용할 수 있도록 법제가 정비되었다고 단정할 수 없다. 왜냐하면 동산․채권 담보제도를 이용하고자 하는 주요 목적과 국제적인 추세에 따르지 못한 동떨어진 조항들이 몇몇 산재되어 있기 때문이다. 즉 신용거래에서 최대한의 자산 가치 활용을 억제하는 결과를 초래할 수 있는 이용주체와 이용대상의 제한이다. 또한 채권담보권은 담보물권임에도 제3자에 대한 대항요건과 제3채무자에 대한 대항요건을 달리하여 규정한 관계로, 담보등기는 되어 있으나 제3채무자에 대한 대항요건을 구비하지 못한 경우, 제3채무자가 후순위권자에게 변제하여 선순위담보권자가 불측의 손해가 발생할 수 있다. 따라서 이해당사자의 이익들 간의 균형과 명확하고 예측가능한 우선권규칙의 확립이 절실하다.
본고에서는 문제가 될 수 있는 조항들을 선진적인 각국의 제도와 비교․검토하여 차이점을 살펴보고, 적용에서 제기될 수 있는 몇 가지 문제를 검토하여 추후 법률개정시 도움을 주고자 한다.

영어초록

Generally, a secured transaction is a loan or a credit transaction in which the lender acquires a security interest in collateral owned by the borrower and is entitled to foreclose on or repossess the collateral in the event of the borrower’s default. A security interest is typically granted by a “security agreement.” The security interest is established with respect to the property, if the debtor has an ownership interest in the property and the holder of the security interest conferred value to the debtor, such as giving a loan. Perfection is typically achieved by filing a financing statement with judicial government located at a jurisdiction where a corporate debtor is incorporated. Perfection can also be obtained by possession of the collateral, if the collateral is tangible property. Absent perfection, the holder of the security interest may have difficulty enforcing his rights in the collateral with regard to third parties and other creditors who claim a security interest in the same collateral.
Currently, in Korea, in accordance with developed countries legislative trends, the Movable Property & Secured Claim Act is introduced to provide the medium-sized firm’s convenience of corporate business activity such as fund raising using movable property and claims for the securing the suitability and effectiveness. However, it may not be evaluated the legislation is prepared to help harmonious using the system with Korea’s circumstances and modern financing transactions. Because there are clauses scattered out of the main reason for the using security system of the claims and movable property and international trend. In other words, the act restrict the business entity which aims using the system and the object of the application that result in restrain the use of asset value in the credit transactions. In addition, even though the secured claim is collateral right but it is separately regulating the requirement of counteraction against third party and third-party debtor, there are unexpected damages occurred in the priority secured claim-holder by the third-party creditor payment to the subordinates. Therefore, it is clearly desire to establish expected priority rule and to make balance interest among the interest-holders.
Security interests may be taken on any type of property. The law divides property into two classes: personal property and real property. Personal property is defined as any property other than real property. Here, the latter is subject to the discussion in this article. A security interest is a property interest created by agreement or by operation of law over assets to secure the performance of an obligation, usually the payment of a debt. A security interest grants the holder a right to take a remedial action with respect to the property, upon occurrence of certain events, such as the non-payment of a loan. The creditor may take possession of such property in satisfaction of the underlying obligation. In this article, I examined the arguable difference issues regarding the clauses compared with various jurisdictions and trying to analysis the suggestions. I also would like to propose some useful legislative tips for the future amendment of the act after research and study of the debated legal issues.

참고자료

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