대전자유적 납돈(鉛貝)에 나타난 고대 해상교류의 인식범위 (A Study on Expansion of Recognition of Maritime Exchanges in Gojoseon about Dadianzi Site)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 국제뇌교육종합대학원대학교 국학연구원
· 수록지 정보 : 仙道文化 / 30권 / 221 ~ 254페이지
· 저자명 : 송옥진

초록

한국문화는 오랜 기간동안 주변 문화와의 교류를 통해 전통적인 유불선삼교의 유입과 발전을 거듭함은 물론, 고조선 시대부터 내려오는 전통문화사상인 한국선도의 유출 및 확산이 오늘날에까지 이어지고 있다. 최근 전세계에서 부는 K-food, K-fashion, K-style 및 각종 K-culture 역시전통문화와 함께 끊임없이 주변 문화와 교류한 결과물이라 볼 수 있다. 그러나 고대 동아시아의 교류에 대한 인식, 특히 기록이 소실되어 다양한 문헌자료로 증빙되지 않는 고조선 시대의 교류에 대해서는 외부로부터 일방적문화유입을 전제하고 시간적, 공간적 한계를 지우는 것이 일반적이다. 예컨대, 고조선시대 해상교역이라 한다면 대부분의 연구결과물에서는 관자 에나오는 발조선과의 모피교역을 그 상한으로 보고 있고 이조차도 관자 가집필된 시기와의 시간적 괴리감을 들어 신뢰할 수 없다고 주장하고 있다.
본고에서는 고대 동아시아교역에 대한 인식을 먼저 살펴보고 고조선문화로추정되는 하가점하층문화의 대표 유적인 대전자유적에서 출토된 납돈을가지고 고대 해상교역의 인식범위가 기존 연구의 인식범위보다 훨씬 광범위함을 설명하고자 한다.

영어초록

The Dadianzi is a representative community site of the 1600 B.C. period located in the Chinese city of Aohanqi Chifeng of Inner Mongolia where 1,200 pieces of cowrie shell were excavated. In the Dadazian Site, both natural cowrie shell and replica currency shell were excavated. Also a relic similar to cowrie shell, which is made of lead(鉛貝) was unearthed.
Chinese archaeological community recognizes to some extent the possibility that the lead currency-shaped cowrie shell was not only used as an ornament or a prestige in the community at the time, but also served as a currency. After applying various experimental methods applied to cowrie shells collected from shell habitats of coastal area of East Asia, the author tested validity of arguments raised by Chinese scholars, adding a new finding. The cowrie shell relic found in the Dadianzi were easy to carry with and can be preserved for a long time due to their ability to resist corrosion. It is also widely recognized by Chinese archaeologists that it had usage of quantification which satisfies requirements of currency. This finding raises a need to correct our traditional view on the isolated scope of trade network of the ancient people of the Northeast Asian community. The commercial or ritualistic trade practices between Lower Xiajiadian communities and it neighboring cultures and remote cultures during the Bronze Age were not extensively studied so far. The customary conception has been that the trade netwok was limited within the immediately surrounding areas. The author investigated Moneta cowrie shell’s habitat throughout in continental and maritime East Asia of both ancient times and today. As a result, shellfish from that period until now were found to habitat in coral reef areas of Jeju Island, Okinawa, and south of Taiwan and the Philippines. The finding and confirmation raise us a need to expand the trading scope of people in the Dadianzi community at the time and the existing perception of the their inter-cultural activities. The existing perception should be extended to add wide-area trade practices beyond the hundreds of kilometers of confined networks with communities including such nearby cultures as.
Gaotaishan culture(高殆山文化), Machengzi culture(馬城子文化), Daetuotou culture(大坨頭文化), Shuangtuozi culture(雙砣子文化), Yueshi culture(岳石 文化). The finding further demands us to extend the remote trading network between Lower Xiajiadian and Erlitou culture(二里頭文化) in the Yellow River basin. With a more accurate assessment of their wide world view, inter-cultural interaction and active trading practices, we can have a better understanding of the characteristics of trade, economy, and culture of people in the 1600s before A.D.

참고자료

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