7세기 唐의 諸衛將軍號 수여와 蕃將의 대응 (Designation of General of the Sixteen Guards' Title and Response of Foreign Generals(fanjiang 蕃將) in Tang Dynasty in 7th Century)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 동양사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 동양사학연구 / 120호 / 61 ~ 104페이지
· 저자명 : 이기천

초록

This study analyzed the way in which the Tang managed foreign generals, focusing on the foreign generals granted the title of General of the Sixteen Guards in Tang Dynasty in 7th Century. The total number of foreign generals holding the title of one of the Generals of the Sixteen Guards in Early Tang is over two hundred seventy. This phenomenon requires review on its cause and result. This phenomenon did not draw attention in previous scholarship and the studies dealing with both the Imperial Guards and foreign general are very few. Even those studies inductively mentioned command of the Imperial Guards as one of roles of foreign general by generally listing examples of performing duty, and detailed analysis was not carried out.
When Tang granted foreign generals the title of General of Sixteen Guards and at the same time governor-general or head who was approved authority for control over a tribe, it is not likely that Tang Court expected them to function as the commander of the Imperial Guards. This measures aimed to manage other tribal groups who lived in surrounding areas of the empire rather than expecting a role of General of Sixteen Guards in the capital city from foreign generals. It would be unreasonable to expect them to successfully perform the duty of General of Sixteen Guards in an area, the size of which was double to eight times of the upper limit of the rotational duty for militia troops. Furthermore, considering the duty of outer vassal, this means inefficient operation of the Empire. In short, many of General of Sixteen Guards' titles for foreign generals were not actual ones, but empty titles (假銜) showing the position of a leader for nomadic tribes. This measures was intended to prevent reorganization of threatening power to Tang by forming new powers and making tribes and clans oppose each other.
On the part of foreign generals, they had double-sided responsibility for both Tang Court and their own tribe. Participation in expedition was to “subjugate for Tang”, while, for the tribes, expedition was recognized as plundering war where booty could be obtained and royal gift was distributed. That is, the balance between both cases was an important task for both foreign generals and the Tang state, but actually the balance was not maintained well.

영어초록

This study analyzed the way in which the Tang managed foreign generals, focusing on the foreign generals granted the title of General of the Sixteen Guards in Tang Dynasty in 7th Century. The total number of foreign generals holding the title of one of the Generals of the Sixteen Guards in Early Tang is over two hundred seventy. This phenomenon requires review on its cause and result. This phenomenon did not draw attention in previous scholarship and the studies dealing with both the Imperial Guards and foreign general are very few. Even those studies inductively mentioned command of the Imperial Guards as one of roles of foreign general by generally listing examples of performing duty, and detailed analysis was not carried out.
When Tang granted foreign generals the title of General of Sixteen Guards and at the same time governor-general or head who was approved authority for control over a tribe, it is not likely that Tang Court expected them to function as the commander of the Imperial Guards. This measures aimed to manage other tribal groups who lived in surrounding areas of the empire rather than expecting a role of General of Sixteen Guards in the capital city from foreign generals. It would be unreasonable to expect them to successfully perform the duty of General of Sixteen Guards in an area, the size of which was double to eight times of the upper limit of the rotational duty for militia troops. Furthermore, considering the duty of outer vassal, this means inefficient operation of the Empire. In short, many of General of Sixteen Guards' titles for foreign generals were not actual ones, but empty titles (假銜) showing the position of a leader for nomadic tribes. This measures was intended to prevent reorganization of threatening power to Tang by forming new powers and making tribes and clans oppose each other.
On the part of foreign generals, they had double-sided responsibility for both Tang Court and their own tribe. Participation in expedition was to “subjugate for Tang”, while, for the tribes, expedition was recognized as plundering war where booty could be obtained and royal gift was distributed. That is, the balance between both cases was an important task for both foreign generals and the Tang state, but actually the balance was not maintained well.

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