전통의 계승과 변화 ― 樂家老鋪 達仁堂을 중심으로 본 近代 天津의 中藥業 ― (Succession and Change of Tradition — Modern Tianjin's Traditional Chinese Medicine Business, Focusing on Yuejialaopu Darentang —)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 명청사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 명청사연구 / 60호 / 305 ~ 334페이지
· 저자명 : 박하린

초록

Looking at China's pharmaceutical market today, Western medicines are distributed, but existing traditional Chinese medicines still meet people's demand. After the influx of Western medicine, traditional Chinese medicine was criticized for being unscientific and unreasonable, and also abolitionism emerged. However, among them, Chinese medicine's contract has been steadily distributed in China as a drug that people seek, and as a result, it has maintained its position to this day.
Darentang Pharmacy, located in Tianjin, is a representative example of the current position of Chinese medicine in China. Tianjin, where Yue Daren opened a pharmacy, was an appropriate area for airlift of medicinal materials produced in the northern region and medicinal materials traded in the Qizhou Medicine Market, and at the same time had a developed distribution network. In addition, due to the commercial and pharmaceutical industries developed from the past, there is a large floating population, and it was one of the areas where the reputation of the Beijing Tongrentang was influenced. By properly utilizing these factors, Yue Daren’s Darentang succeeded in Tianjin, and after that, various branches were established in various parts of China.
However, Darentang was not successful because only geographical advantages were available. This is because commerce can make profits and lead to success only when there are many people who want to buy goods. The same is true of the pharmaceutical industry. In particular, many of the representative patent medicines of the Darentang had the characteristic of analeptic, which can be said to be deeply related to China's herbal medicine culture from the Ming and Qing dynasties. Darentang manufactured herbal medicines using medicinal materials that consumers in the north and south of China would be satisfied, and they spread to various parts of China with the introduction of pharmaceutical factories and franchise-style branches.
The case of Darentang shows the appearance of the Chinese medicine community, which sought a new way to survive in the changed environment at the time. First of all, Darentang devoted itself to obtaining high-quality medicinal materials and actively reflected them in advertising. In addition, regional characteristics were utilized, such as the supplying of medicinal materials and opening stores in areas where it was easy to sell patent medicine. Finally, there was also an appropriate acceptance of new technologies if necessary. In the case of Darentang, it can be said that Yakro, pharmaceutical factories, and franchise-style branches are examples. However, in order for the drugstore to operate steadily, consumers had to accept it positively and consume it, and therefore, Darentang manufactured various medicines by appropriately utilizing the preferred medicinal materials in each region to maintain consumers. In addition, through modern media, they actively emphasized the tradition of pharmacies and the efficacy of medicines, and in fact, they selected or produced medicinal materials directly, allowing consumers to trust and take medicines from pharmacies. This can be seen as a survival strategy to survive in the diversified pharmaceutical market.
This aspect can be interpreted by expanding it to the entire traditional Chinese pharmacy community. In other words, when new knowledge and technology came into China, the traditional Chinese medicine community selected some of them and applied them appropriately according to their situation, and did not reject or accept them unconditionally. So, the case of Darentang, which appropriately mixed the traditional Chinese method and the new Western method, can be seen as a survival strategy for Chinese medicine to survive. It can be analyzed that the reason why Chinese medicine is still being used as a medicine that has gained people's trust and is still recognized for its efficacy may be because this survival strategy worked.

영어초록

Looking at China's pharmaceutical market today, Western medicines are distributed, but existing traditional Chinese medicines still meet people's demand. After the influx of Western medicine, traditional Chinese medicine was criticized for being unscientific and unreasonable, and also abolitionism emerged. However, among them, Chinese medicine's contract has been steadily distributed in China as a drug that people seek, and as a result, it has maintained its position to this day.
Darentang Pharmacy, located in Tianjin, is a representative example of the current position of Chinese medicine in China. Tianjin, where Yue Daren opened a pharmacy, was an appropriate area for airlift of medicinal materials produced in the northern region and medicinal materials traded in the Qizhou Medicine Market, and at the same time had a developed distribution network. In addition, due to the commercial and pharmaceutical industries developed from the past, there is a large floating population, and it was one of the areas where the reputation of the Beijing Tongrentang was influenced. By properly utilizing these factors, Yue Daren’s Darentang succeeded in Tianjin, and after that, various branches were established in various parts of China.
However, Darentang was not successful because only geographical advantages were available. This is because commerce can make profits and lead to success only when there are many people who want to buy goods. The same is true of the pharmaceutical industry. In particular, many of the representative patent medicines of the Darentang had the characteristic of analeptic, which can be said to be deeply related to China's herbal medicine culture from the Ming and Qing dynasties. Darentang manufactured herbal medicines using medicinal materials that consumers in the north and south of China would be satisfied, and they spread to various parts of China with the introduction of pharmaceutical factories and franchise-style branches.
The case of Darentang shows the appearance of the Chinese medicine community, which sought a new way to survive in the changed environment at the time. First of all, Darentang devoted itself to obtaining high-quality medicinal materials and actively reflected them in advertising. In addition, regional characteristics were utilized, such as the supplying of medicinal materials and opening stores in areas where it was easy to sell patent medicine. Finally, there was also an appropriate acceptance of new technologies if necessary. In the case of Darentang, it can be said that Yakro, pharmaceutical factories, and franchise-style branches are examples. However, in order for the drugstore to operate steadily, consumers had to accept it positively and consume it, and therefore, Darentang manufactured various medicines by appropriately utilizing the preferred medicinal materials in each region to maintain consumers. In addition, through modern media, they actively emphasized the tradition of pharmacies and the efficacy of medicines, and in fact, they selected or produced medicinal materials directly, allowing consumers to trust and take medicines from pharmacies. This can be seen as a survival strategy to survive in the diversified pharmaceutical market.
This aspect can be interpreted by expanding it to the entire traditional Chinese pharmacy community. In other words, when new knowledge and technology came into China, the traditional Chinese medicine community selected some of them and applied them appropriately according to their situation, and did not reject or accept them unconditionally. So, the case of Darentang, which appropriately mixed the traditional Chinese method and the new Western method, can be seen as a survival strategy for Chinese medicine to survive. It can be analyzed that the reason why Chinese medicine is still being used as a medicine that has gained people's trust and is still recognized for its efficacy may be because this survival strategy worked.

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