한국의 다문화사회 정책의 거버넌스 현황과 발전방안 (A Study on the Present and Future of the Multicultural Governance in Korea)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국공공사회학회
· 수록지 정보 : 공공사회연구 / 5권 / 3호 / 229 ~ 281페이지
· 저자명 : 최무현, 김경희

초록

본 연구는 지역단위에서 그 지방정부가 중앙정부와 다른 지방정부와 어떻게 연계되고, 지역내 다문화 관련 행위자, 즉 다문화관련 집행조직, 다문화관련 시민단체, 기업, 지역주민, 대상자 등과 어떻게 연계되어 다문화 거버넌스 체계를 구성하는 지에 대한 현황을 분석하고, 이를 바탕으로 앞으로 바람직한 다문화 거버넌스의 정책적 시사점을 제시하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 본 연구는 A시, B시, C군 3개 지역을 사례연구 대상지역으로 선정하여, 반구조화된 질문으로 심층면접 조사를 실시하였다. 본 연구에서는 지역차원의 ‘행위자들의 자율성’과 ‘행위자들간의 협력적 상호작용’의 특징을 중심으로 다문화 거버넌스 현황을 분석하였다. 대상자별로 분석결과는 다소 차이가 있었으나 공통적으로 행위자들의 자율성은 여전히 제한적이고, 행위자들간의 상호작용은 여전히 형식적인 연계 수준에 머물러 정보의 공유나 조정이 부족하고 실질적인 협력관계의 형성은 미흡한 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 분석을 바탕으로 다문화 집행기관의 자율성 강화를 위한 정부의 재정지원방식의 변화, 민간부문간 협력적 상호작용을 유인할 수 있는 센터지정방식의 변화, 다문화 협의체와 자조모임의 활성화, 지역차원의 다문화통합기구의 필요성, 거버넌스 형성에 기업 등 지역내 다양한 자원의 발굴과 참여 등 다문화 거버넌스의 구축을 위한 개선방안을 제시하였다.

영어초록

This study analysed the present conditions of multicultural governance in Korea and suggested a series of desirable directions and measures of multicultural governance for the future. In this study, multicultural governance is defined as a governance mode, involving diverse actors, such as the central/local government, NGOs, corporate enterprises, local residents, and foreigners, for solving problems in a multicultural society. So this study identified diverse actors who are involved with multicultural governance in Korea and applied a qualitative case study of three regions, each of which is highly populated and therefore can represent foreign manual laborers, marriage migrants, and foreign professionals respectively.
According the result of our analyses, followings are the characteristics of multicultural governance in Korea; Firstly, it is difficult for actors in private sector to have autonomy in action. Secondly, there is considerable lack in interaction among actors in multicultural governance. Thirdly, it is characterised by lack of sharing informations, coordinating tasks, and cooperating with actors. Besides, it is found out serious competitions and conflicts with actors.
To go further to ‘real’ multiculturalism, the autonomy of the private actors and the cooperative interaction among the actors are necessary. From this point of view, this study suggests some policy implications. First, the way of public subsidies must be changed from the categorical subsidies to the lump-sum subsidies which gives more discretion in planning and implementing local projects according to the specific multi-cultural needs at a local level. In addition, the private sector needs to diversify channels of financial resources. Second, in contracting out process of multicultural implementation agencies, the government must consider not only the formal quantitative criteria but also the qualitative criteria, for example the history as the voluntary actor in the multicultural area. Third, it is necessary the foreigners as the clients to participate in multicultural governance. They should be not remained as the passive clients of the multicultural policy. As one of the main voluntary actors, they should participate in the multicultural governance.
Moreover, And also in the aspect of the interaction among actors in multicultural governance, this study suggest are as follows; Firstly, there is needed to the ‘united’ local implementation center which coordinate various activities in local area. Secondly, it is necessary to have the council body consisted of many actors in public and private sector to coordinate and discuss many multicultural issues of the local area and search the policy alternatives together. This kind of council bodies will bring in a ‘good’ multicultural governance model. Thirdly, the participation of the corporate enterprises is need to increase further in the concept of the CSR(Corporate Social Responsibility). Lastly, it is needed to a local development strategy to find out and activate various resources of public, private, and the third sector in local area.

참고자료

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