『碧巖錄』 ‘是什麽’의 用處에 관한 一考 (A Study on the usage of ‘Sisimma (是什麽)’ of the 『Biyan lu (碧巖錄)』)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국선학회
· 수록지 정보 : 禪學(선학) / 52호 / 85 ~ 121페이지
· 저자명 : 엄미경

초록

‘시심마(是什麽)’는‌중국어에서‌‘무엇인가?’라고‌하는‌의문사이지만,‌한국의‌선종에서는‌ ‘이뭣고’‌화두로서‌널리‌통용되고‌있다.‌『벽암록(碧巖錄)』에‌보이는‌‘是什麽’는‌‘이것이‌무 엇인가’로‌번역이‌될‌수‌없는데,‌‘是什麽’가‌‘이뭣고’‌화두로서‌통용되고‌있음에‌대한‌문 제제기와‌‘이뭣고’‌화두와‌번역어가‌될‌수‌없음을‌밝혀보고자‌함이‌본‌논문의‌주된‌목 적이다.‌‘是什麽’에서의‌‘是’는‌‘이’‌혹은‌‘이것’이‌아니라,‌판단과‌서술적인‌의미의‌‘be동 사’인‌‘~이다’가‌된다.‌『벽암록』의‌용례를‌분석함으로써‌그‌의미를‌재고하는‌방법을‌취 하여‌그것의‌용처를‌밝혔다.‌주로‌선사들이‌가르침의‌방편으로‌‘무엇이냐’고‌다그쳐‌묻 는‌것들이다.‌선사들의‌선문답에서‌보인‌의문사와‌질책어로서‌사용되었을‌뿐이지‌‘이 뭣고’‌화두로‌사용된‌것이‌아니며,‌스승이나‌윗사람이‌제자나‌아랫사람‌혹은‌아래의‌연 배에게‌사용한‌어투라는‌것을‌입증하였다.‌선어록(禪語錄)에서는‌‘무엇인가?’‌‘무엇이 냐?’‌‘뭐라고!’‌‘뭐‌하는게냐!’‌‘무슨~이냐!’‌등등‌우리말에도‌똑같이‌존재하는‌그러한‌다 양한‌어감들이‌‘是什麽’로서‌표현되어,‌선사들이‌제자들‌혹은‌납자선객들을‌제접할‌때‌ 사용한‌상용‌언구라는‌것을‌근거로‌제시하였다.‌‘是什麽’가‌‘이뭣고’‌화두의‌번역어가‌ 된다면,‌‘저개시심마(這箇是什麽)’는‌‘이것은‌이뭣고’로,‌‘차시심마(此是什麽)’는‌‘이‌이뭣고’ 로‌해석이‌되어야‌할‌것이다.‌‘是什麽’의‌전후문구가‌‘이뭣고’‌화두의‌전제화두인‌‘이’가‌ 된다.‌“이것이‌무슨‌물건인가?”‌혹은‌“이‌물건이‌무슨‌물건인가?”‌등을‌줄여서‌혹은‌참 구방법으로서의‌‘이뭣고’이고,‌‘是什麽’가‌포함된‌한문‌문장의‌화두의‌전후문구를‌생략 해서‌‘是什麽’‌화두라고‌일컬을‌뿐임을‌논증하였다.

영어초록

Although‌“sisimma‌(是什麽;‌是甚麽;‌是什么)”‌is‌a‌question‌mark‌in‌Chinese,‌ it‌is‌widely‌used‌as‌a‌ “ Imwotgo ‌ hwadu : ‌ the Korean ‌ hwadu ‌‘Imwotgo ‌(이뭣 고;‌pronounced‌like‌emoko)’”‌in‌Korean‌Seon‌Buddhism.‌The‌“是什麽”‌shown‌in‌ the‌『 Biyan ‌ Lu ‌(Chinesisch‌碧巖錄‌/‌碧岩录,‌Pinyin‌Bìyán‌lù,‌W.-G.‌ Pi - yen ‌ lu 』)‌cannot‌ be translated as “what is this”. Nevertheless, “是什麽” is used as a “Imwotgo hwadu”. The main purpose of this paper is to raise the issue and to discover that “是什麽” cannot be translated into “Imwotgo hwadu”. “是” in “是什麽” is not “i” or “igeot” but it becomes “~ida” which is a judgment and descriptive meaning of “be verb” in a descriptive sense. By analyzing the use of 『碧巖 錄』, we took a method of reconsidering its meaning and revealed its purpose. Usually, the Chan masters urge an answer as “what is it” they are doing as a way of teaching. It proved that it was only used as a question and reprimand in the conversation between Chan riddle of the Chan masters, but not used as a “Imwotgo hwadu (話頭)”‌and‌a‌word‌used‌by‌a‌Chan‌master‌or‌a‌superior‌ to‌his‌disciple‌or‌subordinate‌or‌to‌his‌age‌below.‌Such‌diverse‌accents‌as‌ “ mueosinga ? ‌what‌do‌you‌mean?”‌ “ mueosinya ? ‌What?”‌ “ mworago ! ‌What‌ are‌you‌doing(what‌do‌you‌mean)!”‌ “ mwohaneungenya ! ‌What‌are‌you‌doing!”‌ and‌ “ museun ~ inya ! ‌What‌are‌you‌doing(what‌do‌you‌mean)!”‌are‌expressed‌ as‌“是什麽”‌in‌ the ‌ Record ‌ of ‌ Sayings ‌ of ‌ Chan ‌ Masters ‌(禪語錄).‌It‌was‌ 『碧巖錄』‌‘是什麽’의‌用處에‌관한‌一考‌‌121 confirmed‌that‌the‌Chan‌masters‌were‌the‌usual‌words‌used‌to‌bring‌out‌the‌ disciples‌or‌the‌students‌for‌Chan‌practice.‌If‌“是什麽”‌becomes‌a‌translation‌ of‌ “ Imwotgo ” ‌and‌“這箇是什麽”‌should‌be‌interpreted‌as‌ “ igeoseun ‌ Imwotgo ‌ What‌is‌this‌is‌this?”‌and‌“此是什麽”‌as‌ “i‌ Imwotgo ‌What‌is‌this‌is‌this?”.‌ The‌front‌and‌back‌of‌ “是什麽”‌becomes‌“ I ”‌which‌is‌the‌premise‌of‌ “ Imwotgo ‌ hwadu ” .‌ “ igeosi ‌ museun ‌ mulgeoninga ? ‌What‌is‌this‌thing?”‌or‌“ i‌ mulgeoni ‌ museun ‌ mulgeoninga?‌What‌is‌this‌thing?”‌is‌called‌ “ Imwotgo ” ‌ as‌a‌simple‌or‌the‌method‌of‌asking,‌and‌the‌front‌and‌back‌phrases‌of‌the‌ Chinese‌sentence‌containing‌‘是什麽’‌are‌simply‌referred‌to‌as‌‘是什麽’‌ topics.

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