인코텀즈 그리고 개정 인코텀즈 2020 (Incoterms and the Revised Incoterms 2020)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국무역상무학회
· 수록지 정보 : 무역상무연구 / 89권 / 1 ~ 28페이지
· 저자명 : 허해관

초록

본고는 개정 인코텀즈 2020의 시행에 즈음하여 먼저 기본적으로 인코텀즈란 무엇이며, 어떤 사항을 담고 있는지, 그 효력은 어떠한지를 살펴보고, 이어서 특히 인코텀즈 2020의 주요한 개정사항은 무엇인지를 살핀다. 이에 본고 제2장에서 인코텀즈의 의의와 주요내용을 고찰하면서 그 법적성격과 실무적용상 우선순위 및 인코텀즈의 주요한 규정사항과 비규정사항을 검토하고, 이어 제3장에서 인코텀즈 2020의 주요한 개정사항으로 ① 개별규칙 내 조항순서 변경, ② CIP 매도인의 최대부보의무화, ③ FCA상 본선적재표기 선하증권에 관한 규정의 신설, ④ DAT에서 DPU로의 명칭변경, ⑤ 매도인/매수인 자신의 운송수단에 의한 운송의 허용, ⑥ 운송/비용조항에 보안관련의무 삽입 등을 고찰한다.

영어초록

In many contracts for international sale of goods, Incoterms, the uniform rules, along with the CISG, govern the legal relationship between the parties to the contract. Under Incoterms rules, sellers of goods bear risks until goods are delivered, and buyers bear risks from the time they are delivered. Likewise under Incoterms rules, sellers bear all costs rlating to the goods until they are delivered, and buyers bear all those costs from the time they are delivered. This principle determines what risks and costs each party bears between the seller and the buyer, and in this sense, Incoterms are the trade terms that define the delivery of goods, the transfer of risk and the allocation of costs between the seller and the buyer.
The most important change in Incoterms 2020 is a re-ordering within the Incoterms rules in order to give the points of the delivery and the risk between the seller and the buyer, which is intended to steer users towards the right Incoterms rule for their sale contract. Substantial changes made to the Incoterms 2010 rules in the Incoterms 2020 rules includes, among other things, (i) in FCA rule, provision on bills of lading with an on-board notation is newly added, (ii) the level of insurance cover in CIP is now different from that in CIF, (iii) now under Incoterms 2020 sellers and buyers are allowed to arrange for carriage with their own means of transport in FCA, DAP, DPU and DDP.
Externally, Incoterms 2020 has significant changes in the order of its provisions (except for A1/B1) compared to Incoterms 2010. This change is, among other things, to help readers to understand Incoterms well by placing important provisions such as provisions on delivery and risk transfer ahead and placing relatively less important provisions behind them. However, it can be said that Incoterms 2010 and Incoterms 2020 do not differ significantly in terms of content, given that such external changes do not result in changes in real content.
In short, this revision to Incoterms 2020 is seen to have resulted in very large cosmetic changes whit a few relatively small substantial changes. However, the re-ordering within the Incoterms rules is intended to help the readers understand the Incoterms accurately, which is, in fact, very important. It is only when the Incoterms rules are correctly understood and used in practice that Incoterms can play its role properly, which is why Incoterms exists. In the future, I hope that the readers accurately understand the purpose of these revisions and properly use Incoterms in practice.

참고자료

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