어느 고구려 무장의 가계와 일대기 - 새로 발견된 〈高乙德墓誌〉에 대한 譯註와 분석 - (The Family and Life story of a certain Koguryeo Military Commander- An annotated translation and analysis of a newly discovered 〈epitaph for Go Eul-deok(高乙德)〉-)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 중국고중세사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 중국고중세사연구 / 38호 / 177 ~ 219페이지
· 저자명 : 이성제

초록

This epitaph contains the concrete life stories of a new person, who cannot be found in any extant literature and historical material, and his family. All epitaphs of Koguryeo‘s displaced persons discovered until now are about the people who surrendered voluntarily to the Tang Dynasty or their descendants. In light of this tendency, Go Eul-deok was a displaced person quite different from other displaced persons in that he fought against the Tang Dynasty, was taken to the Tang Dynasty as prisoner, entered civil service and had the extraordinary career of a foreign-born general(蕃將). This epitaph confirms that there existed a Koguryeo’s displaced person who became a civil servant of Tang dynasty as a prisoner of war. Further, different types of Koguryeo people are expected to be found in the light of Tang dynasty‘s policy of using a displaced person for military strength and the fact of Koguryeo restoration army’s strenuous resistances after the collapse of Koguryeo.
The rise and fall of a powerful family represented in the epitaph suggests Yeon Gaesomun(淵蓋蘇文) family-monopolized politics and concrete realities that drove Koguryeo into collapse. Go Eul-deok family was the most prestigious aristocratic family equivalent to the royal family. His family, which was a second generation member of the council that discussed critical national issues, was at the very center of power since his grandfather, Go Gwa(高夸). He had a close relationship with Koguryeo‘s king since he worked as ‘Sanngsa(垧事)’ in charge of personal economic base of Koguryeo’s king.
So, Go Eul-deok‘s future might have been assured. However, he served as no more than the lord of walled town. Yeon Gaesomun concentrated on strengthening his own power base over the years after his coup d’état. This phenomenon of power concentration may have naturally sidelined his political allies from power, whose good example can be confirmed in this epitaph.
This epitaph demonstrates the existence of ‘Sanggsa’ and ‘Sabudaebu(司府大夫)’ as the governmental agencies that controlled king‘s personal economic base and the royal treasury that supported the power of Koguryeo’s king. Koguryeo supported the regal power using institutional devices such as the framework of dual treasury and the operation of a governmental agency like ‘small government(少府)’, which will serve as an important clue to understanding Koguryeo‘s regal power.
Dodok(都督) mentioned in this epitaph, or Yoksal (褥薩, provincial governor of Koguryeo) of Koguryeo was a supreme prefectural governor and military commander. Newly discovered materials undermine the basis of the existing controversial argument that Koguryeo‘s territory was divided into five provinces for governance. Therefore, it is necessary to review Koguryeo’s regional organization and military organization.

영어초록

This epitaph contains the concrete life stories of a new person, who cannot be found in any extant literature and historical material, and his family. All epitaphs of Koguryeo‘s displaced persons discovered until now are about the people who surrendered voluntarily to the Tang Dynasty or their descendants. In light of this tendency, Go Eul-deok was a displaced person quite different from other displaced persons in that he fought against the Tang Dynasty, was taken to the Tang Dynasty as prisoner, entered civil service and had the extraordinary career of a foreign-born general(蕃將). This epitaph confirms that there existed a Koguryeo’s displaced person who became a civil servant of Tang dynasty as a prisoner of war. Further, different types of Koguryeo people are expected to be found in the light of Tang dynasty‘s policy of using a displaced person for military strength and the fact of Koguryeo restoration army’s strenuous resistances after the collapse of Koguryeo.
The rise and fall of a powerful family represented in the epitaph suggests Yeon Gaesomun(淵蓋蘇文) family-monopolized politics and concrete realities that drove Koguryeo into collapse. Go Eul-deok family was the most prestigious aristocratic family equivalent to the royal family. His family, which was a second generation member of the council that discussed critical national issues, was at the very center of power since his grandfather, Go Gwa(高夸). He had a close relationship with Koguryeo‘s king since he worked as ‘Sanngsa(垧事)’ in charge of personal economic base of Koguryeo’s king.
So, Go Eul-deok‘s future might have been assured. However, he served as no more than the lord of walled town. Yeon Gaesomun concentrated on strengthening his own power base over the years after his coup d’état. This phenomenon of power concentration may have naturally sidelined his political allies from power, whose good example can be confirmed in this epitaph.
This epitaph demonstrates the existence of ‘Sanggsa’ and ‘Sabudaebu(司府大夫)’ as the governmental agencies that controlled king‘s personal economic base and the royal treasury that supported the power of Koguryeo’s king. Koguryeo supported the regal power using institutional devices such as the framework of dual treasury and the operation of a governmental agency like ‘small government(少府)’, which will serve as an important clue to understanding Koguryeo‘s regal power.
Dodok(都督) mentioned in this epitaph, or Yoksal (褥薩, provincial governor of Koguryeo) of Koguryeo was a supreme prefectural governor and military commander. Newly discovered materials undermine the basis of the existing controversial argument that Koguryeo‘s territory was divided into five provinces for governance. Therefore, it is necessary to review Koguryeo’s regional organization and military organization.

참고자료

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