문화적 거리가 식품무역에 미치는 영향 분석 (An Analysis of the Effect of Cultural Distance on the International Food Trade)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국농업경제학회
· 수록지 정보 : 농업경제연구 / 62권 / 1호 / 61 ~ 96페이지
· 저자명 : 김희철, 조규대

초록

In spite of the rapid development of trade liberalization under the WTO, world trade is increasing at a slower rate than economic theory predicts. In response, economists have been analyzing the effects of non-economic variables on trade, and one of them is cultural distance between nations. Early researches on this topic have largely depended on trade data derived from total commodities with a high percentage of industrial products, and seem to have concluded that cultural distance serves as an obstacle between trading nations. This paper begins with the question of whether or not the above conclusion is applicable to the food trade. This is because the products of the food trade, contrary to industrial products, have an innate cultural connection to their country of origin, thus raising the possibility that cultural distance could in fact increase trade if consumers prefer products of a heterogeneous nature. Therefore, this paper focuses on the effect of cultural distance on the international food trade as compared to other industrial sectors. The cultural distance used in this research is obtained from the confirmatory factory analysis based on the six Hofstede’s cultural indices. In order to explore to this issue, a gravity model is estimated for four industrial sectors over the period from 2000 to 2018 using panel data analysis. The study finds that the cultural distance has positively affected international food trade in particular. In large scale industrial sectors considered in this paper, international trades has been negatively or insignificantly related to the cultural distance.

영어초록

In spite of the rapid development of trade liberalization under the WTO, world trade is increasing at a slower rate than economic theory predicts. In response, economists have been analyzing the effects of non-economic variables on trade, and one of them is cultural distance between nations. Early researches on this topic have largely depended on trade data derived from total commodities with a high percentage of industrial products, and seem to have concluded that cultural distance serves as an obstacle between trading nations. This paper begins with the question of whether or not the above conclusion is applicable to the food trade. This is because the products of the food trade, contrary to industrial products, have an innate cultural connection to their country of origin, thus raising the possibility that cultural distance could in fact increase trade if consumers prefer products of a heterogeneous nature. Therefore, this paper focuses on the effect of cultural distance on the international food trade as compared to other industrial sectors. The cultural distance used in this research is obtained from the confirmatory factory analysis based on the six Hofstede’s cultural indices. In order to explore to this issue, a gravity model is estimated for four industrial sectors over the period from 2000 to 2018 using panel data analysis. The study finds that the cultural distance has positively affected international food trade in particular. In large scale industrial sectors considered in this paper, international trades has been negatively or insignificantly related to the cultural distance.

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