강소국의 국방정책 사례 비교 분석: 한국, 스위스, 이스라엘의 예비전력 중심으로 (The Analysis on the History of National Defense Policies: Focusing on the Reserve Power of Republic of Korea, Switzerland and Israel)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국행정사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 한국행정사학지 / 35호 / 1 ~ 32페이지
· 저자명 : 김용빈

초록

예비전력은 상비전력 및 연합전력과 함께 전쟁 억제와 수행의 핵심전력이다. 평시 상비전력에 준하는 전투력을 유지하여 위기발생시 전쟁을 억제하거나, 전쟁으로 발전 시 소요되는 인원, 물자 등을 동원하여 주 전력으로 활용 하며 아울러 작전 지속능력을 유지시키는 역할을 한다. 그러나 한국의 예비전력은 편성, 역할 및 기능, 장비, 훈련 등을 고려 시 상비전력의 보조 역할 수준에 머물러 있다.
강소국 스위스와 이스라엘은 한국과 유사한 안보환경에서 소수의 상비전력을 유지하면서 예비전력을 핵심전력으로 운용하여 전쟁을 억제하고 전쟁에서 승리한 모범적인 사례가 있다. 본 논문은 한국, 이스라엘, 스위스의 예비전력 운용 사례를 분석해 본다. 특히, 한국의 예비전력이 실질적으로 경험해 보지 못한 전쟁 시 동원 및 운용사례 측면을 비교해 봄으로써 북한과 대립되어 전쟁에 대비해야 하는 현재의 안보상황에서 예비전력의 정예화를 추진하는 국방정책에 교훈을 찾고자 한다.

영어초록

The reserve power was important together with not only active power but also allied force to deterrence and trigger wars. The reserve power kept combat ability equivalent to active power at ordinary time to deterrence wars at crisis and to mobilize human resources and materials for wars and to make use of main force and to keep military operation continuously. The reserve power of Republic of Korea played role of assistant of active power considering organization, role, functions, equipment and military training and so on.
Small but strong countries such as Switzerland and Israel could deter and win wars by using reserve power under same conditions as that of Republic of Korea. Switzerland that was permanently neutralized state kept small number of active power at ordinary time and mobilized militia at the country's crisis that was important force. During the Second World War, Switzerland made use of reserve power against German force's threat of attack effectively to deter and avoid war. Even if at present, some of people argued disorganization of militia, Switzerland kept reserve power as it was to bring new equipment and to do military training with preparation for combat. Israel that has been confronted with Arabic countries kept active power in preparation for terror and low level dispute and to do military operation by reserve power at wars. At four times Middle East Wars, Israel overcame poor combat ability than that of neighboring Arabic countries to win war and did high level of military training and prepared for perfect mobilization at ordinary time.
North Korea regime's security threat was serious. Republic of Korea established reserve power in preparation for North Korea's military attack and frequent provocation and could not exercise military ability well because of old model military equipment to have poor quality military training contents and time. To exercise combat power at wars by mobilizing enormous reserve power, roles, better quality military equipment and strengthened military training were required with defense policy.
This study investigated cases of reserve powers in Republic of Korea, Israel and Switzerland. This study investigated mobilization and operation at wars that Republic of Korea's reserve power did not experience, and found out lessons of defense policy that Republic of Korean government promoted to keep strong reserve power under security situation in preparation for war against North Korea.

참고자료

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