說文解字에 미수록된 秦簡文字 字形에 대한 考察 (An Examination of the Forms of Qin Simplified Characters Not Included in Shuowen Jiezi)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 조선대학교 국제문화연구원
· 수록지 정보 : 국제문화연구 / 17권 / 2호 / 97 ~ 129페이지
· 저자명 : 이상기

초록

漢字의 發展史를 보면 甲骨文에서 金文을 거쳐 小篆에 이르기까지 많은 변화가 있었지만 결국은 脈을 같이 하는 古文字의 범주에 속한다. 秦이 六國을 멸하고 전국을 통일할 때는 문화뿐만 아니라 정치 경제까지 포함한 전면적인 통일이었기에 文字의 개혁에서도 과감하게 ‘秦의 문자와 부합되지 않은 자형들은 없앴던’「罷其不與秦文合者.」(許愼撰, 段玉裁注,『說文解字注』765쪽, 臺北, 黎明文化事業公司, 1991) 것이다.
秦의 제도를 그대로 계승한 漢이었기에 東漢의『說文解字』(이하『說文』으로 약칭) 역시 文字의 形體를 수록하고 정리함에서도 前代의 문자를 기초로 했음은 어쩌면 당연한 일일 것이다. 이와 같은 맥락에서 볼 때『說文』과 秦文字는 밀접하고도 불가분한 傳承 관계가 있다고 할 것이다.
그런데도『說文』에는 秦文字가 수록되지 않은 글자들이 있는데 본 논문의 주제인 秦簡文字 가운데 특히 睡虎地秦簡文字를 중심으로 어떤 이유로『說文』에 미수록되었는지 알아보고자 한다.

영어초록

Temporal Limitations: The Qin simplified characters (秦簡文字) were used during the Qin dynasty, which is significantly earlier than the Han dynasty, during which "Shuowen Jiezi" was compiled. The characters from the Qin and Han periods underwent changes over time, which likely resulted in the Qin characters being excluded from "Shuowen Jiezi." Evolution of Characters: During the Qin dynasty, characters like the Small Seal Script (小篆) were used, but by the Han dynasty, these had evolved into the more simplified and standardized Clerical Script (隸書). Xu Shen (許愼), the author of "Shuowen Jiezi," based his work on the standard characters of the Han dynasty, leading to the omission of the specialized characters from the Qin period.
Accessibility of Sources: When Xu Shen compiled "Shuowen Jiezi," the documents from the Qin period might not have been sufficiently preserved or easily accessible. As a result, Xu Shen may not have had the opportunity to fully incorporate these earlier characters into his work.
Political and Cultural Factors: The Qin dynasty's scripts and culture underwent significant changes during the Han dynasty, and various elements of the Qin period may have been disregarded. The Han dynasty emphasized its own cultural and linguistic standards, possibly leading to the exclusion of Qin characters from "Shuowen Jiezi." Scholarly Development: The study of Qin simplified characters has progressed significantly in modern times, primarily through archaeological discoveries and research. These efforts are based on materials that were not available during Xu Shen's time. Modern scholars have been able to restore and study these characters, deepening our understanding of the Qin dynasty's script.
In conclusion, the Qin simplified characters were not included in "Shuowen Jiezi" due to various factors such as temporal limitations, the evolution of scripts, accessibility of sources, and political and cultural influences. However, modern archaeological findings and research have greatly enhanced our understanding of these characters, contributing to a better comprehension of the history and culture of the Qin dynasty.

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