투자와 고용성장간의 관계에 대한 실증연구 : 산업간 차이를 중심으로 (An Empirical Study on the Relationship between Investment and Employment Growth: Focusing on the Differences between Industries)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 대한경영학회
· 수록지 정보 : 대한경영학회지 / 31권 / 7호 / 1363 ~ 1382페이지
· 저자명 : 정이기, 홍재범

초록

본 연구는 투자와 고용간의 관계를 산업별로 분석하였다. 산업은 제조업과 서비스업으로 크게 구분하고여기서 제조업은 첨단기술(High-Tech), 중·고기술(Med.-High Tech), 중·저기술(Med.-Low Tech), 저기술(Low Tech) 등 4개의 기술수준별 산업으로, 서비스산업은 지식기반서비스와 전통서비스로 구분하였다. 2008 년부터 2015년까지 8년간에 걸친 기업별·연도별자료를 활용하였으며 전체 관측 수는 106,987개이며 분석대상기업 수는 17,901개이다.
종속변수인 고용성장률은 로그차분 형태로 산출하였다. 독립변수는 투자이며 기술투자, 인적투자, 자본투자로 설정하였다. 기술투자는 매출액 대비 연구개발투자비율, 인적투자는 매출액대비 종업원 교육훈련비율, 자본투자는 노동장비율로 각각 측정하였다. 종속변수에 영향을 주는 외생요인에 대한 통제를 위해 업력, 성장성, 규모 등을 통제변수에 포함하였다. 실증 분석을 위해 정규분포를 따르지 않는 고용성장률의 분포 특성을 고려하여 분위회귀분석을 실시하였다.
분석결과, 기술투자는 첨단기술수준 제조업이나 고용성장률이 높은 전통서비스업의 경우 고용성장에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다. 인적투자는 저기술수준제조업이나 전통서비스산업에서 고용성장에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 특히, 고용성장률이 높은 분위에서 그 효과가 더 크다. 반면, 자본투자인 설비 등의 고정자산투자는 제조업과 서비스업의 전 분야에 걸쳐 고용성장에 부정적인 영향을 미친다. 이는 저기술수준제조업, 전통서비스업과같은 산업에서 기술과 인적자본에 투자하는 기업을 우선 지원하는 것이 고용확대를 위해 보다 효과적이라는정책적 함의를 제공한다.

영어초록

The Korean economy faces a very serious problem of employment cliffs. The government tried to solve the employment problem by cultivating the service industry and the manufacturing industry to solve these employment problems, but there was no great progress. In this study, we tried to understand the relationship between investment and employment in manufacturing and service industries and to grasp policy implications To this end, the service industry classified the knowledge-based service sector according to the OECD definition as a primary service and the other sectors as the traditional service. The manufacturing industry also uses the R&D intensity of OECD (1997) to apply the classification standard for each technology level, and it is applied to high-tech, middle-high technology, ), And low technology (Low Tech). Therefore, the meaning of this study is that it analyzed the relationship between investment and employment, and further analyzed it by industry and suggested implications. we analyzed the data by company and year for 8 years from 2008 to 2015. The total number of observations is 106,987, and the number of sample companies analyzed was 17,901.
For empirical analysis, the employment growth rate was used as a dependent variable and the investment was defined as technology development, education and training, and fixed asset investment. Technology investment was measured as R&D investment ratio of sales, human investment variable was education/training ratio of sales, and fixed asset investment variable was labor equipment ratio. Revenue, Sales growth, age and size variables were used in order to control exogenous factors that affect dependent variables.
The results of the analysis show that investment in R&D of the manufacturing industry has a large effect on the employment growth rate in the high technology industry and the employment growth rate, and the investment in R&D of the service industry is the traditional service. In other words, in the high technology industry, employment is created through the direct employment of research personnel in accordance with own research and development, which is caused by the outflow of technology due to outsourcing.
Investment in education and training has a positive effect on employment growth rate in low technology and traditional services, which is effective in the high employment growth rate. High technology also has a positive effect on the employment growth rate, which is significant for the low employment growth rate. This can be attributed to the optimization and optimization of the workforce through training and training of existing employees in advanced fields.
Investment in fixed assets has a negative impact on employment growth in all industries.
In the high technology sector, investment in fixed assets induces employment substitution effect by investment to reduce labor costs such as productivity improvement or process improvement, but the effect on employment is relatively small. This means that the high-tech manufacturing industry is not labor-intensive relative to other technology-level manufacturing industries.
The results of the analysis show that investment in intangible assets such as technology investment and human investment is more effective for employment growth than capital investment.
This suggests a meaningful implication for the Korean economy, which is an important issue of job shortage. In particular, it provides a policy implication that, in industries such as low-tech manufacturing, and traditional services, priority is given to companies investing in technology and human capital.

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