1910~30년대 일본의 북방 도시공간을 향한 시선 — ‘주변 지역’ 홋카이도와 식민지 가라후토 여행을 대상으로 — (The Northern Urban Space in the View of Japan‘mainland’ During the 1910s-30s: The Trips to the ‘Peripheral Region’ Hokkaido and Colonial Southern Sakhalin)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 도시사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 도시연구: 역사·사회·문화 / 9호 / 89 ~ 137페이지
· 저자명 : 양스샤

초록

본고에서는 1910~30년대에 ‘주변 지역’으로 인식되던 홋카이도와 식민지 가라후토 여행을 통해서 근대일본이 ‘북문의 요지’와 ‘북문의 보고’라는임무가 부여된 북방의 도시공간을 어떻게 바라봤는지, 또한 그 눈길이 타인뿐 아니라 스스로를 어떻게 인식을 하고 있었는지에 대해 고찰했다. 그결과 홋카이도의 경우는 근대일본에서 ‘주변지역’으로 취급되면서도 국내의집권체제와 헌법체제로 편입이 진행됨으로써 식민지성이 희박해진 반면, 가라후토의 경우는 식민지이면서도 외지 중에서 ‘외지성’이 지극히 희박한지역으로 인식되었음을 확인했다. 이런 의미에서 홋카이도의 경우는 보다내지적인 이미지가, 가라후토의 경우는 보다 ‘식민지적’이라는 이미지가 형성되었다고 할 수 있다.

영어초록

In the scope of sovereignty stipulated by the Constitution of the Empire of Japan, Hokkaido was a ‘peripheral region’ within this scope, while Southern Sakhalin belonged to the category of colony outside it. During the Edo period the two places were both Ezochi and were accordingly regarded as ‘the key of north gate’ and ‘the treasury of north gate’ during the Meiji period. In the 1910s-30s, when tourism became popular in Japan mainland, the two locales’ proximity often caused travelers to combine their trips for these two places, focusing on those cities with convenient transports.
Accordingly, this proposed research attempts to demonstrate the northern urban space in the view of Japan ‘mainland’ through the collective understanding formed by the people of Japan ‘mainland’ on Hokkaido and Southern Sakhalin during their travels in the 1910s to the 1930s. It also reviews what kind of self understanding and nationalism was reflected in this view.
Most of the travelers from Japan mainland were intellectuals and teachers. They focused upon the role played by these two locales as ‘the treasury of north gate’, visiting industries for iron and steel and paper-making, which were facilities related to the rise of the new industries since the 1910s. They also paid attention to the sled for transportation on the ice, and the forest of the subfrigid zone as materials for paper-making. Meanwhile, they were highly interested in the Sapporo Shrine and the Karahuto Shrine as the symbols of opening new lands, and in the Hokkaido Imperial University as the master of developing local natural resources through teaching and research. They were also highly interested in the university’s museum and the museum of the Karahutotyo Prefecture.
Besides the natural landscape and the industrial developments out of it, travelers from Japan mainland focused upon local customs, especially those of the ethnic minorities. They also adopted the perspective of history of civilization based upon the evolution of human production modes from collecting, fishing, hunting to agriculture, in order to examine the degree of assimilation of the ethnic minorities. By the time, Hokkaido had already been incorporated into the scope of the constitution, reducing its characteristics as a periphery. Besides, as many locals in Southern Sakhalin were Yamato migrants, its colonial character was relatively weaker as compared with other colonies of the Empire of Japan.
Accordingly, to the travelers of Japan mainland, these two locales were more secured and with stronger sense of hospitality than other colonies.

참고자료

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