On the Shang Bone Annals Calculated by the Dates and the Moon Phases in Oracle Bone Inscriptions

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 세계한자학회
· 수록지 정보 : 世界漢字硏究 / 5권 / 2호
· 저자명 : Dalu Da WEIH

목차

Abstract
I. Introduction
1. Ancient Chinese Calendar
2. Shang Oracle Bone Calendar
II. The Beginning of the Year
3. The Beginning of the Year in Ancient Egypt
4. The Beginning of the Shang Bone Calendar
5. The Decipherment of the Character Nine
III. Shang Moon Phase Days
6. The moon phases in Shang oracle bone inscriptions
7. The Decipherment of the Character “Feather”
8. The Decipherment of the Character “Vapor”
9. The Decipherment of the Character “Loud”
10. The Decipherment of the Character “Crescent”
IV. The Bone Characters for Sun Day
11. The Character of Winter Solstice in Shang Oracle Bone Inscription
12. The Character of Summer Solstice in Shang Bone Inscription
13. The Character of Autumn Equinox in Shang Bone Inscription
14. The Character of Thunder in Shang Bone Inscriptions
15. The Character of Fog in Shang Bone Inscriptions
16. The Character of Day-adding in Shang Bone Inscriptions
V. Conclusion
References

영어초록

Modern attempts to decipher the Shang bone scripts have been hampered by the fundamental assumption that the scripts are recordings of the sound of the language and not ideas. Some phonetic “translations” could be proposed without the possibility of verification, and some graphic “translations” without meanings are seen as the names of sacrificial rituals by previous scholars. Actually, a character is derived from a thought, and the thought is derived from a figuration, while the figuration itself is derived from the graphed object or event. Therefore, the same character can be used in different dialects or languages to depict the same concepts. Based on the bone scripts being ideograms, several bone scripts used frequently for the names of the day were assumed to be the moon phases; thus, the time interval between two corresponding days with its moon phase was calculated for verification. Extensionally, according to the time interval between the two days, and the moon phase recorded on the bone tablets (or bronze wares) and the chronological table of the kings of Shang compiled by the pre vious scholars, the assumptions of the moon phase characters are attested by the calculations of the numbering days of the solunar date. Solunar dates (Chinese: Gan-Zhi 干支) were used to record dates with a cycle of 60 days. Conversely, on consideration of the dates and moon phases for the bone inscription events, the prevous chronology is improved with iterative methed, and we propose new chronology for Shang kings. In addition, through computation, three records of a lunar eclipse on the Shang bronze inscriptions and on the Zhou bronze vessels are newly recognized, which helps to reconstruct the years of the kings of Shang and of the kings of Zhou; the Shang bone calendar’s New Year started from the summer solstice of the year, from the full moon of the lunar phase and from the dawn of the day.

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