일본의 박물관 현황과 과제

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국박물관학회
· 수록지 정보 : 박물관학보
· 저자명 : 모리타 쯔네유키

초록

1970년대부터 계속 증가되고 있는 일본의 박물관은 현재도 매년 새로운 박물관개판이 끊임없이
지속되고 있다. 그러나 증가율이 최근 수 년 사이에 감소한 것으로 보인다. 최근 수년 동안의 움
직임을 통해서 현저하게 보이는 것은 현럽이나 대도시의 공럽벅물관을 다시 조직하거나 신관을 개
설하는 움직임이 있다 이는 생태계 ， 지구과학， 고생물 등을 취급하는 자연사계의 대형 박물관을
개판하거나 건셜하는 것으로 이어지고 있다. 이러한 현상은 1960년대부터 70대에 걸쳐서 인문과
학， 자연사를 포함하는 종합박물관이 20여 년 지남에 따라 시설의 노후화와 수집품의 증대를 수반
하여 수장공간의 부족， 전시의 개선， 여러 문제가 발생한 결과， 역사 · 민족계와 자연사계로 분할되
게 하였고， 그것은 각 박물판을 가지려는 방향으로 나아 간 결과라고 할 수 있다.

영어초록

Increasing number of museum in Japan is still continuous, although the ratio
became slow. However, openings or preparations of big sizes of public museums,
in particular of those of natural science such as of eco-system, globes science and
paleont이ogy ， is conspicuous. Almost of these are a result of renovation or
reorganization of old museums, opened in two or three decades ago , to enlarge the
activities and to introduce modern high technology into the displays. Adding this ,
these museums have found many difficulties to insufficient space and old facilities
correspond to the collection increased. Most of them were <General Museum),
which inc1udes natural and humanity science. To save little space to the new
acquisitions in future , the organizations have to divide into more than two
academic categories to make each new independent museum. After the beginning
of project, most of public organizations had to face a severe economic crisis to
make partial change of the planning.Secondary, some of important private
museums of arts have to c10se their doors or to reduce a scale of the organization
by the result of recent economic crisis. Typical ones are the Saison Museum,
organized by Seibu Railway Co. and others and c10sed on the last 31 March, and
the Yamatane Museum of Fine Arts , organized by a securities company and
diminished the scale in half on last year.
Some of other private museums found no choice other than selling a part of
collections. Most of them are due to a failure in an investment of estate by the owners companies or foundations .
Thirdly. rapid increase of museums and galleries in the last quarter centuries
has to invite both an increase of excellent young curators and that of ones with
insufficient knowledge and poor experiences at the same time. To solve the
problems. the ministry of education and culture and sports decided to add 30
hours more of duties to the new curatorial stuff formation program in university
from April 1997. however most of universities faced a new difficulties to find
instructors of the newly added program. We have still no result from this
amendment.

참고자료

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