미술치료가 섭식장애아의 자기개념, 가족관계 및 섭식태도에 미치는 영향

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국미술치료학회
· 수록지 정보 : 미술치료연구 / 9권 / 1호
· 저자명 : 김동연, 이은진

목차

Ⅰ. 서론
Ⅱ. 이론적 배경
Ⅲ. 연구 방법
Ⅳ. 연구결과
Ⅴ. 논의 및 결론
참고문헌

초록

모든 유기체는 생존을 위해 먹지 않으면 안 된다. 먹는 행위, 즉 섭식은 모든 사람과 동물의 기본적인 생리욕구를 충족시키는 태도이다. 균형 잡힌 식사는 신체의 건강상태를 유지하며 정신과 정서적 안정에 중요한 역할을 한다. 특히 청소년기는 신체적, 정신적, 정서적으로 급격한 변화를 보이는 시기로, 이 시기의 섭식태도는 장래의 신체 발달 및 성장기 이후의 건강과 밀접한 관련이 있기 때문에 더욱 중요하게 다뤄져야 한다(Jeffry, Adlis, & Forster, 1991).
사춘기의 아동들은 신체 발육이 2차 성징으로 직접 두드러지는 과정에서 자신의 신체에 대한 관심이 높아지는 시기이다. 특히 오늘날의 대중매체의 영향으로 청소년과 초등학교 고학년 아동들은 자아개념이 낮아져(신관호, 1996 ; Hill, Oliver & Rogers, 1992) 그들의 부정적인 자아개념은 친구나 가족성원과의 융화를 방해하고 적응장애를 초래할 수 있다(Browell, 1993, Kimm, 1991). 이러한 때에 옳지 않은 식습관이나, 신체에 대한 왜곡된 관념을 갖게 되는 것은 인생의 전반에 결쳐 좋지 않은 영향을 미칠 것이다(Gorman & Allison, 1995) 옳지 못한 식습관 즉, 섭식장애가 나타나면 빈약한 영양섭취로 인한 신체적인 손상은 물론 생식기능이 손상되고 인지적인 기능도 저하되어 일상생활을 수행할 수가 없게 된다(APA, 1994).

영어초록

The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of art therapy on Self Concept, Family Relationship and Eating Attitude of an Eating Disorder.
For this study, a first-grade middle school student of an Anorexia Nervosa participated in art therapy. The total 16 therapy sessions took place 45minutes once a week from May 2000 to Sept. 2000. In case there was a family interview, the interview took place twice a week including art therapy. Follow-up interviews were given to the participant fortnightly from
Sept. 2000 to Dec. 2000 and monthly from Jan. 2001 to Mar. 2001
The treatments of materials to deal with the results of this study are as follows: First, the changes of the participant shown from each session were analyzed through his art activities， self-records and reports provided by a group of therapists. Second, the changes of the student’ Sclf Concept both before and after art therapy were analyzed through Self Consciousness Scale. Third, the changes of his Family Relationship were described and
analyzed through the Kinetic Family Drawing Test. Fourth, the changes of his Eating
Attitude shown both before and after art therapy were analyzed through Eating Attitude Test
The conclusions of this study are as follows:
First, As the results of Self Consciousness Scale, the point reached up to 36 from 29, which suggested a positive improvement of Self Concept. For instance, inappropriate abridgement, improper symbols and emphases on his mother’ s image disappeared in Kinetic Family Drawings. It also Eating Attitude Test, the point fell to 45 from 77, which implied that his Eating Attitude became c10ser down to the safe line, even though he still had some problems. ln addition, his weight went up to 40kg, which is the least safe level, from 26kg, even if his weight fell short of the expectation.
Second, Art Therapy improved Self Concept of an Anorexia Nervosa, that is, the participant expressed himself through art while he couldn’t express himself verbally. This enabled him to achieve Self Conception by broadening his awareness of problems, putting his body and his mind in order and keeping them combined
Third, art therapy is helped the Anorexia Nervosa case to reduce his self-defense in both his Family Relations. As a result, he became open→hearted to others. It also helped the participant to experience his family dynamics, which malfunctioned before, and realized his control problems, personal abilities and problems of independence and socialization.
Fourth, art therapy enabled the Anorexia Nervosa casc to choose food ingredients for himself and change his attitude into the positive attitude. lt helped him to reduce his conscious behaviors and obsessed behaviors particularly through collage. He got out of bad behaviors like counting an average of calories of food and Jeamed the sound behaviors such as choosing the highly nutritious food and deciding on the proper amount of food. In addition, the anxiety derived from Anorexia Nervosa decreased. As the Anorexia Nervosa case realized the fact that a therapist, art therapy and his play a role reciprocally and became aware of his symptom, he stepped away from Anorexia Nervosa.

참고자료

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