한국과 중국소수민족의 구비서사시 비교 연구

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국구비문학회
· 수록지 정보 : 구비문학연구 / 12호
· 저자명 : 崔元午

목차

1. 서론
2. 판소리와 이미칸의 비교
3. 맺음말을 대신하여 : 판소리와 이마칸의 비교를 통해 본구비서사시의 변천과정 추론

초록

이 논문은 한국의 판소리와 중국소수민족 중의 하나인 허저족(赫哲族)에게서 전승되고 있는 이마칸(伊瑪堪)을 비교하여 구비서사시의 변천과정에 대한 일반론을 제시하려는 것이다. 그 과정 중에 한국의 판소리가 갖는 구비서사시로서의 위상이 자연스럽게 드러날 수 있을 것이다. 구비서사시는 신화 못지 않게 중요한 구비문학갈래이지만 신화에 비해 비교대상으로서 그렇게 주목대상이 되지 못했다. 구비서사시는 신화나 각 민족의 토속종교의 연행과 밀접한 관련성이 있다는 점, 서사와 서정의 複合藝術體라는 점 등에서 주목할 만한 가치가 충분히 있다고 본다.

영어초록

This paper compares the P'ansori of Korea and the Yimakan of the Hezhen people and develops a general theory concerning the process of change in oral epics based on this comparison.
P'ansori and Yimakan have similarities such as a composite narrative method of spoken words and song (ch'ang), the process of the removal of shamanic elements, a change in the character of the performing class, and possession of a rhythm. They also have differences in whether or not there is an accompanist, whether or not the lineage is clear, whether or not the narrative structure is open, and whether or not the form is song-oriented. Based on this, the results of an examination of the process of change in oral epics may be shown briefly by the following diagram:

Conclusion based on similarities:

Festival epic --------<interim form>--------> Recreational epic
↓
Case in which only the performing class is related to festivals: P'ansori
Case in which both genre and performing class are related to festivals: Yimakan
Epic which is both recreational and contains festival-related elements (or shamanic elements) --------> Recreational epic

If Yimakan originated from a festival epic or something like it, then P'ansori can be seen as an interim form of this as it progressed toward becoming a recreational epic. However, there is a difference in whether both the genre and performing class are related--like the Yimakan--or whether only the performing class is related--like the Pansori. Thus the fact that shamanic elements are more concentrated in Yimakan works than in P'ansori is something which cannot be avoided.

Conclusion based on differences:

Recreational epic centered on conveying a story: Yimakan ---> recreational epic centered on conveying song: P'ansori
Narrative structure in which song is subordinate to the spoken word: closed
Narrative structure in which the spoken word is subordinate to song: open

It may be discovered that, compared to Yimakan, P'ansori is a very refined and specialized oral epic. From the very beginning, P'ansori relied on the free and unrestricted singing ability of the individual performer (Kwangdae) and developed into an oral epic centered on conveying song. On the other hand, Yimakan relied on the clear voice of the performer (Yimakannawi) and focused on how to effectively convey the narrative content, that is, it developed as an oral epic centered on conveying the story. Therefore the P'ansori performer could develop the P'ansori as his or her own special performance or production.
The oral epic is ultimately a genre which is challenged, not with the problem of how to express the narrative content, that is, the story, but with the problem of how to convey that story. Thus the problem arises of whether to adopt the compound narrative method of both song and spoken word, or to adopt a narrative method which emphasizes one of the two, but that which utilizes that compound narrative method of song and spoken word rather one that excessively emphasizes one aspect can be said to be an oral epic possessing the highest degree of workmanship. This is because the rhythm can be nothing but monotonous if the narrative method is comprised only of song or only of spoken word, and the performing class has that much less room to display their personal skills. On this point it may be said that both P'ansori and Yimakan have succeeded, but the P'ansori has much more effectively developed in terms of how to convey the story lyrically than has the Yimakan. There is a need to consider this point when setting forth a general theory of the process of change in oral epics.

참고자료

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