NCLEX 요약정리 (+NGN 포함) - 아동간호 Gastrointestinal & Nutrition

문서 내 토픽

1. Hirschsprung disease (HD)

Hirschsprung disease는 선천성 거대결장 질환으로, 결장 일부에 신경 세포가 없어 장 운동 부족 및 장 폐쇄를 일으킵니다. 감염된 부분을 제거하기 위한 수술과 함께 임시 장루 조성이 필요할 수 있습니다. 수술 후에는 장루 주변 피부 상태, 배출물의 양상 등을 관찰해야 합니다.
2. Intussusception

장 중첩증은 주로 6세 미만 영유아에게 발생하는 폐쇄성 위장 장애입니다. 갑작스러운 복통, 소세지 모양의 복부 종괴, 혈액이 섞인 점액성 대변 등의 증상이 나타나며, 수술 없이 정수 또는 공기 관장으로 치료할 수 있습니다. 합병증으로 장천공과 복막염이 발생할 수 있습니다.
3. Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

비후성 유문협착은 3-5주 사이에 점진적으로 유문이 비대해지면서 발생하는 질환으로, 주된 증상은 식후 분출성 구토, 상복부 종괴, 탈수 등입니다. 수분 및 전해질 보충, 수술적 치료가 필요합니다.
4. Esophageal atresia (EA) and tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF)

식도폐쇄와 기관식도누공은 신생아기에 발생하는 선천성 기형으로, 구토, 청색증, 과다한 구강 분비물 등의 증상이 나타납니다. 수술로 교정하며, 수술 전후 흡인 예방, 영양 공급 등의 간호가 필요합니다.
5. Iron deficiency anemia (IDA)

철 결핍성 빈혈은 소아에서 가장 흔한 만성 영양 장애입니다. 불충분한 식이 섭취, 조산, 고형식 도입 지연 등이 위험 요인이며, 경구 철분 보충과 철분 함량이 높은 식품 섭취로 치료합니다.

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1. Hirschsprung disease (HD)

Hirschsprung disease (HD) is a congenital disorder of the gastrointestinal tract characterized by the absence of ganglion cells in the distal portion of the intestine. This leads to a functional obstruction, causing difficulties in passing stool and other gastrointestinal issues. The exact cause of HD is not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to the failure of neural crest cells to migrate and differentiate properly during embryonic development. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial for managing this condition effectively. Treatment typically involves surgical intervention to remove the affected segment of the intestine and restore normal bowel function. With timely diagnosis and proper management, most children with HD can lead healthy and fulfilling lives. However, it is important to closely monitor these patients and address any ongoing complications or sequelae that may arise. Overall, a multidisciplinary approach involving pediatric surgeons, gastroenterologists, and other healthcare professionals is essential for providing comprehensive care for individuals with Hirschsprung disease.
2. Intussusception

Intussusception is a serious gastrointestinal condition in which a portion of the intestine telescopes into an adjacent segment, causing an obstruction and potentially leading to ischemia and necrosis of the affected bowel. This condition is most common in young children, typically occurring between 6 and 36 months of age. The exact cause of intussusception is not fully understood, but it is often associated with viral infections, anatomical abnormalities, or the presence of a lead point (such as a polyp or lymph node) that can trigger the telescoping of the intestine. Early recognition and prompt treatment are crucial, as intussusception can rapidly progress and lead to life-threatening complications if left untreated. The initial management typically involves non-operative reduction techniques, such as air or liquid enema, to gently reposition the telescoped intestine. If non-operative reduction is unsuccessful or if there are signs of intestinal ischemia or perforation, surgical intervention may be necessary to manually reduce the intussusception and address any underlying causes. With timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment, the majority of children with intussusception can recover without long-term sequelae. However, it is important to closely monitor these patients and address any recurrences or complications that may arise.
3. Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) is a condition characterized by the thickening and narrowing of the pylorus, the muscular valve between the stomach and the small intestine. This leads to progressive gastric outlet obstruction, causing persistent vomiting, dehydration, and electrolyte imbalances in affected infants. The exact cause of HPS is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Early recognition and prompt treatment are crucial, as untreated HPS can lead to severe dehydration, electrolyte disturbances, and even life-threatening complications. The standard treatment for HPS is a surgical procedure called a pyloromyotomy, which involves cutting the thickened pyloric muscle to allow for the passage of food from the stomach into the small intestine. With timely diagnosis and appropriate surgical intervention, the majority of infants with HPS can recover fully and go on to lead healthy lives. However, it is important to closely monitor these patients and address any potential complications or long-term sequelae that may arise, such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or nutritional deficiencies. Overall, a multidisciplinary approach involving pediatric surgeons, gastroenterologists, and other healthcare professionals is essential for providing comprehensive care for individuals with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.
4. Esophageal atresia (EA) and tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF)

Esophageal atresia (EA) and tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) are congenital anomalies of the esophagus and trachea that occur during embryonic development. In EA, the esophagus is interrupted and does not connect to the stomach, while in TEF, there is an abnormal connection between the esophagus and the trachea. These conditions can lead to significant respiratory and ga

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