NCLEX 요약정리 (+NGN 포함) - 아동간호 Musculoskeletal

문서 내 토픽

1. Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) 골 형성 부전증

골 형성 부전증은 조골세포에 의한 콜라겐 합성 장애로 인해 발생하는 유전적 상태입니다. 이로 인해 뼈가 약해지고 쉽게 골절됩니다. 이 환아를 돌볼 때는 추가적인 골절을 최소화하기 위해 조심스럽게 다루어야 합니다.
2. Scoliosis 척추측만증

척추측만증은 척추의 측만 변형과 회전이 특징입니다. 조기 발견과 적절한 치료(보조기 착용 등)를 통해 수술적 개입의 필요성을 줄일 수 있습니다.
3. Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) 발달성 고관절 이형성증

DDH는 신생아와 영아기에 발생할 수 있는 고관절 이상으로, 조기 발견과 치료(파블릭 하네스 착용 등)가 중요합니다. 부적절한 자세와 자세 제한 기구 사용은 DDH 발생 위험을 높일 수 있습니다.
4. Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) 소아 특발성 관절염

JIA는 소아에서 발생하는 만성 관절 염증 질환입니다. 관절 가동성 보존과 근력 강화를 위해 저충격 운동이 권장됩니다. 관절 통증, 부종, 경직 등의 증상이 나타납니다.
5. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) 뒤시엔느근위축증

DMD는 근육 안정화에 필요한 단백질 dystrophin의 결핍으로 인해 발생하는 X 염색체 열성 유전 질환입니다. 근위부 하지와 골반 근육이 먼저 영향을 받으며, 보행 장애, 근육 위축 등의 증상이 나타납니다. 효과적인 치료법은 없지만 합병증 예방과 관리가 중요합니다.
6. Congenital clubfoot 선천성 만곡족

선천성 만곡족은 출생 시 한 쪽 또는 양쪽 발이 안쪽으로 향하는 선천적 골 기형과 연부 조직 구축입니다. 조작과 신전, 장기 석고 고정 등의 비수술적 치료로 교정이 가능합니다.

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1. Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) 골 형성 부전증

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), also known as brittle bone disease, is a genetic disorder that affects the body's production of collagen, a protein essential for bone development and strength. Individuals with OI have fragile bones that are prone to fractures, even from minor trauma. The severity of the condition can vary greatly, ranging from mild forms with few fractures to severe cases with multiple fractures, skeletal deformities, and short stature. The primary challenge in managing OI is to prevent and treat fractures, maintain mobility and independence, and address the associated complications such as hearing loss, respiratory issues, and dental problems. Comprehensive care involving a multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals, including orthopedists, physical therapists, and geneticists, is crucial for improving the quality of life for individuals with OI. Research in the field of OI has made significant progress in recent years, with the development of new treatment options, such as bisphosphonate medications and gene therapy. These advancements have the potential to enhance bone strength, reduce fracture risk, and improve the overall well-being of individuals with OI. However, more research is still needed to fully understand the underlying mechanisms of the disease and to develop more effective and personalized treatment strategies. Overall, OI is a complex and challenging condition, but with the right support and advancements in medical care, individuals with OI can lead fulfilling lives and achieve their full potential.
2. Scoliosis 척추측만증

Scoliosis is a condition characterized by an abnormal curvature of the spine, often resulting in a sideways 'S' or 'C' shape. It can occur in individuals of all ages, but it is most commonly diagnosed during childhood and adolescence, a critical period of growth and development. The causes of scoliosis can be diverse, ranging from genetic factors to neuromuscular disorders, and in many cases, the underlying cause remains unknown (idiopathic scoliosis). The severity of the condition can vary greatly, with some cases being mild and manageable, while others can progress to more severe deformities that can impact the individual's physical appearance, respiratory function, and overall quality of life. The management of scoliosis often involves a multifaceted approach, including regular monitoring, bracing, physical therapy, and in some cases, surgical intervention. Bracing, when used early and effectively, can help prevent the progression of the curve and reduce the need for surgery. Physical therapy, on the other hand, can help improve muscle strength, flexibility, and posture, which can alleviate pain and improve overall function. In recent years, advancements in surgical techniques, such as minimally invasive procedures and the use of advanced spinal instrumentation, have significantly improved the outcomes for individuals with severe scoliosis. These surgical interventions can help correct the spinal deformity, improve the individual's appearance, and prevent further complications. While scoliosis can be a challenging condition to manage, with the right treatment and support, individuals with scoliosis can lead active and fulfilling lives. Ongoing research and advancements in the field of scoliosis management continue to provide hope and improved outcomes for those affected by this condition.
3. Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) 발달성 고관절 이형성증

Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), also known as congenital hip dislocation, is a condition where the hip joint does not develop properly, leading to instability or dislocation of the hip. This condition can range in severity from mild cases where the hip joint is slightly shallow or loose, to more severe cases where the hip joint is completely dislocated. The causes of DDH are not fully understood, but it is believed to be influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Early detection and treatment are crucial, as untreated DDH can lead to long-term complications, such as pain, arthritis, and impaired mobility. The management of DDH often involves a combination of conservative and surgical interventions, depending on the severity of the condition. In mild cases, the use of braces or harnesses, such as the Pavlik harness, can help