What were the major factors affecting global migration policies in the 19th and 20th century?

소개

"What were the major factors affecting global migration policies in the 19th and 20th century?"에 대한 내용입니다.

목차

없음

본문내용

“Population shifts have been present since the dawn of human history.” According to the United Nations International Migration Report 2017, globally, there were an estimated 258 million international migrants in 2017 : “One in every thirty-five people in the world today is an international migrant.” A. Richardson observed, “migration has attracted the attention of all the social and human sciences”. Several factors compel migrants to move from their regions. Generally, they can divide into pull and push factors. In detail, pull factors are those which makes people come to an area, such as, poor social services, unemployment and constant war; constantly, push factors include available services, better quality of life and democracy. Based on these factors, in the 19th and 20th centuries “migration increased more quickly than world population.”
Among many factors and affected policies, this essay will focus on how the factors of transportation and slavery affected world migration policies in the 19th and 20th century.

참고자료

· anonymous. ‘History of Indentured’, n.d. http://www.aapravasighat.org/English/Resources%20Research/Documents/History%20of%20Indenture.pdf.
· Bernstein, Ann, and Myron Weiner, eds. Migration and Refugee Policies: An Overview. Vol. 1. 1 vols. London ; New York: Pinter, 1999.
· Claudia, Goldin, and Libecap Gary D. The Regulated Economy a Historical Approach to Political Economy /. Vol. 1. 1 vols. University of Chicago Press, 1994. http://www.nber.org/chapters/c6577.
· Cohen, Robin, ed. The Sociology of Migration. The International Library of Studies on Migration 3. Cheltenham, UK ; Brookfield, Vt., US: E. Elgar, 1996.
· dawsonera. The Atlantic Slave Trade : Effects on Economies, Societies and Peoples in Africa, the Americas and Europe /. Durham, N.C. ; London : Duke University Press, 1992.
· Genova, Nicholas P. De. ‘Migrant “Illegality” and Deportability in Everyday Life’. Annual Review of Anthropology 31, no. 1 (2002): 419–47. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.anthro.31.040402.085432.
· History Workshop Centre for Social History (Oxford, England). Slavery and Other Forms of Unfree Labour /. History Workshop Series. London : Routledge, 1988.
· ‘Human Trafficking by the Numbers’. Human Rights First. Accessed 26 March 2018. https://www.humanrightsfirst.org/resource/human-trafficking-numbers.
· Immanuel Ness, editor, Wiley InterScience, and Wiley Online Library. The Encyclopedia of Global Human Migration / Immanuel Ness, Editor. Vol. v.2 A-Cro. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444351071.
· ———. The Encyclopedia of Global Human Migration / Immanuel Ness, Editor. Vol. v.4 Ind-Rem. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444351071.
· ———. The Encyclopedia of Global Human Migration / Immanuel Ness, Editor. Vol. v.3 Cru-Ind. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444351071.
· Khalid, Koser. International Migration: A Very Short Introduction. 2nd ed. Vol. 1. 1 vols. Oxford, n.d. Accessed 28 February 2018.
· Leslie Page. Moch. Moving Europeans: Migration in Western Europe since 1650 / Leslie Page Moch. 2nd ed. Interdisciplinary Studies in History. Y. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2003.
· McKeown, Adam. ‘Global Migration, 1846-1940’. Journal of World History 15, no. 2 (2004): 155–89.
· Myron. Weiner. The Global Migration Crisis: Challenge to States and to Human Rights / Myron Weiner. New York: HarperCollins College Publishers, 1995.
· Nyers, Peter, and Kim Rygiel, eds. Citizenship, Migrant Activism and the Politics of Movement. Routledge Research on the Global Politics of Migration 2. London New York: Routledge, 2014.
· ‘OHCHR | Debt Bondage Remains the Most Prevalent Form of Forced Labour Worldwide – New UN Report’. Accessed 22 March 2018. http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=20504&LangID=E.
· Ong, Aihwa. Flexible Citizenship : The Cultural Logics of Transnationality /. Durham, N.C.; London: Duke University Press, 1999.
· Patrick, Manning. Migration in World History. 2ed edi. Vol. 1. 1 vols. Routledge, 2013.
· Richardson, Alan. ‘A Theory and a Method for the Psychological Study of Assimilation’. The International Migration Review 2, no. 1 (1967): 3–30. https://doi.org/10.2307/3002604.