아프리카의 민주화의 실패가능성에 대한 에세이 Is the process of democratisation in Africa now irreversible?

목차

1. Introduction
2. Concept of Democracy
3. Democratisation in Africa
4. Political Leaderships
5. IMF and World Bank
6. Conclusions

본문내용

About a quarter of a century ago, Francis Fukuyama (1989) wrote the essay ‘The End of History?’ and declared victory of liberal democracy, saying “the universalization of Western liberal democracy as the final form of human government” (4). Although liberal democracy hitherto has no visible challenger, it is not doing well (Fukuyama 2014). After ‘the End of History’, many countries experienced reversal of democracy. According to Larry Diamond (2012), the rate of democratic breakdown between 1999 and 2011 had been nearly twice the pace of the preceding 12 years. 26 breakdowns or reversals of democracy has occurred since 1999 including Nigeria and Kenya.

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Concept of Democracy
Concepts of democracy, democratisation and democratic consolidation have been extensively contested. Especially the year 1989 labelled by Samuel Huntington, ‘Third Wave’ of democracies in Latin American nations, Asia Pacific nations and later political development in African countries have a large impact on the theories and the concepts.

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