노인 영양사업-노인 무료급식을 중심으로

소개

노인 영양사업-노인 무료급식을 중심으로

목차

1. 주제 선정 동기·······························································································3

2. 특징 및 실태 파악
1) 노인기 특징·····································································································3
2) 노인 영양 실태 파악························································································3

3. 노인 영양 사업 소개
1) 노인 급식 서비스란··························································································4
2) 사업 연혁········································································································3
3) 급식 서비스의 종류··························································································3
4) 노인 영양교육··································································································3
5) 외국의 사례·····································································································3

4. 장, 단점 분석··································································································3

5. 개선방향··········································································································4

6. 참고자료··········································································································5

본문내용

2. 특징 및 실태 파악
1) 노인기 특징
노인기에 들어서면 생리적 기능이 저하되며, 이러한 기능의 감소는 회복될 수 없을 뿐만 아니라 노인기 질병 발생과 밀접한 관계를 보인다. 노인기에서 볼 수 있는 특징으로는 신체적ㆍ정신적 기능이 떨어지고, 환경변화에 대한 적응력이 감소하며, 항상성 유지능력이 약화된다. 또한 면역기능의 감퇴로 질병에 대한 저항력과 회복능력이 떨어져 여러 가지 만성질환에 노출되기 쉽다.
노화에 따른 신체기능은 다음과 같이 변화한다.
① 심혈관계
심장기능이 감소하고, 혈액순환의 장애가 일어남에 따라서 심박동수, 심박출량, 동맥의 팽창능력이 감소하고, 동맥경화, 고혈압, 뇌출혈, 심근경색, 심부전의 발생률이 증가한다.
② 신경조직
신경자극 전달능력이 저하됨에 따라 저작기능, 학습능력, 운동기능이 감소하고, 감각이 둔해진다. 또, 갈증도 예민하게 느끼지 못하여 수분 섭취량 부족에 따른 탈수가 나타나면서 변비가 생기기 쉬워진다.
③ 폐 기능
변화가 가장 심한 장기 중 하나로, 나이가 들수록 총폐용량 및 폐활량이 감소한다.
④ 신장
신장의 기능 단위인 네프론이 감소하여 신혈류량, 사구체 여과율이 저하되므로 노폐물 배설 및 체내 항상성 유지에 문제가 생긴다.
⑤ 소화기계
위산 분비가 감소하고 장 점막 위축, 타액 · 소화액 분비 저하, 장 운동의 저하 등으로 인해 영양소의 소화, 흡수 능력이 저하된다.

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참고자료

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