셰익스피어의　４대　비극

소개

셰익스피어는그의경력초기부터비극을썼다．그의초기연극들가운데하나가로마비극Titus Andronicus이며，이작품에이어서몇년후에Romeo and Juliet을썼다．그러나그의가장격찬받는비극들은１６０１년부터１６０８년사이의７년간의기간에쓰여졌다．이들에는그의네편의주요비극들Hamlet, Othello, King Lear， Macbeth가포함된다．이들이외에도그의비극들에는Antony &Cleopatra와 Coriolanus가있고，보다덜알려져있는Timon of Athens와 Troilus and Cressida도있다．

목차

１．　셰익스피어의　비극（Shakespearean tragedy）
２．　＜햄릿＞（Hamlet，　셰익스피어　４대　비극，　１６０１년　작）
３．　＜오셀로＞（Othello，　셰익스피어　４대　비극，　１６０３년　작）
4 . 　＜맥베스＞（Macbeth, 　셰익스피어　４대　비극，　１６０３년　작）
５．　＜리어　왕＞（King Lear，　셰익스피어　４대　비극，　１６０５년　작）

본문내용

１．셰익스피어의비극（Shakespearean tragedy）
셰익스피어는그의경력초기부터비극을썼다．그의초기연극들가운데하나가로마비극Titus Andronicus이며，이작품에이어서몇년후에Romeo and Juliet을썼다．그러나그의가장격찬받는비극들은１６０１년부터１６０８년사이의７년간의기간에쓰여졌다．이들에는그의네편의주요비극들Hamlet, Othello, King Lear， Macbeth가포함된다．이들이외에도그의비극들에는Antony &Cleopatra와 Coriolanus가있고，보다덜알려져있는Timon of Athens와 Troilus and Cressida도있다．
비극（Tragedies）：많은사람들이이들극작품들을아리스토텔레스의비극개념에연계시켰다．주인공이훌륭한인물이면서도결함을갖고있는인물（an admirable but flawed character）이며，관객들은아무것도이해를하지못하지만등장인물에공감을한다．분명히셰익스피어의비극적주인공들모두는선과악모두에대해서능력을갖고있다．１９세기가장영향력있는셰익스피어비평가들가운데한사람인A. C. Bradley는“이극작가는항상자유의지의독트린의실행을주장했다．（반）영웅（the (anti)hero）은항상자기자신을역행하며복원할수있다．그러나작가는그들이그들의운명으로부주의하게움직여야만한다고구술한다．”（the playwright always insists on the operation of the doctrine of free will; the (anti)hero is always able to back out, to redeem himself. But, the author dictates, they must move unheedingly to their doom.）고주장했다．드라마역사가Brian Arkins가그의"Heavy Seneca: his Influence on Shakespeare`s Tragedies"에서주장했던것을포함해서일부는또한그들의세네카적본질을지적하고아리스토텔레스의원칙들과그리스의비극과는차별화된다고지적했다．흑인로마문학은본질적으로그리스작품들의피상적모방으로서，로마의스토아학파철학자세네카는망명중에몇편의서재극（래제드라마，closet-drama）비극들을썼지만，결코라이브공연을의도하지는않은독서용작품이었다．오히려그들은교훈적이고，독자들에게스토아학파철학（Stoicism）을가르치고자의도했다．셰익스피어는이것에대해서인식하지못했거나무관심했고，그들의특성들일부를채택하고또채택했다．그러한특성들에는５막구조와부당한결정들에대한앞에서언급된훈련이포함되며，주인공의궁극적“스토아학파철학의평온”에서절정에달하고，주인공이그들의실수의결과들을덕망높게받아들인다－"Macbeth"에서"Lay on, Macduff"．
그의후기비극두편"King Lear" 그리고 "The Tempest"는비애의마지막두단계를예증하는것으로보이는데，"Depression"은번갈아서실망하고분노하며슬퍼하는왕과함께，그리고"Acceptance"는모든예술을정복한평생의마법사와함께흔히은유적으로자신의펜을부수는셰익스피어로보인다．그는"The Tempest"이후에는더이상완전한작품들을쓰지않았다．
윌리엄셰익스피어의비극리스트
Romeo and Juliet
Julius Caesar
King Lear
Hamlet
Macbeth
Othello
Antony and Cleopatra
Coriolanus
The History of Troilus and Cressida
The Life of Timon of Athens
Titus Andronicus

참고자료

· http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shakespearean_tragedy，　14 June 2010 at 16:36.　
· http://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/햄릿．　
· http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamlet, 7 July 2010 at 22:34.
· http://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/오셀로，　2010년 6월 25일 (금) 20:02．　
· http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Othello，　17 July 2010 at 08:07.
· http://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/맥베스，　2010년 6월 30일 (수) 07:22　수정판．　
· http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macbeth，　14 August 2010 at 08:26.
· http://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/리어　왕，　2010년 7월 19일 (월) 07:51.
· http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Lear，　1 August 2010 at 02:20.