Protracted Social Conflict

소개

본 Essay는 제가 런던정경대(London School of Economics & Political Science)의 국제관계학 석사 과정 시 작성했던 Essay이며, 70점 이상을 받았던 Essay 입니다. (일반적으로 70점 이상은 전체 학생의 5~10%에게 부여)
Essay Question 은 What value, if any, is there in describing any or all contemporary conflict as protracted social conflict? 이며 편의상 Classical Protracted Social Conflict라는 제목으로 바꿔서 올립니다.

참고로 제 Essay 및 논문을 표절의 형식으로 사용하시지 않길 요청드리며, idea generation 의 참고자료로 사용하시길 부탁드립니다

목차

I. Introduction
II. Unit of Analysis
III. Causes of Conflict
IV. Conclusion

본문내용

Contemporary conflicts have some characteristics. First, they are mostly intra-state conflicts. Most importantly, as we have seen, more and more conflicts are identity-related. One may argue that that ‘ethnic diversity alone is not a cause of armed conflict’ and that ‘but parties to a conflict are often defined by their ethnic identities’. This might be right. However, even in this argument, it cannot be denied that ‘once ethnicity is fuelled with anger and grievance, ethnicity becomes a deep-rooted cause of a conflict which makes protracted social conflict.
Second, the reason why contemporary conflicts are protracted can also be found in social-psychological process of grievance formation. As I have argued, contemporary conflicts are not likely to have termination point since they go along ups and downs of a cycle of conflict, where social psychological process prevents conflict-resolution mechanisms from come into being and makes them vulnerable.
Thirdly, we should not neglect the fact that most of contemporary conflicts take place in the third world. It does not only suggest that lack of material resources can be a source of protracted social conflict but also further implies that the third world countries are already well-equipped with preconditions for protracted social conflict. They are mostly weak states in the sense that they rely on repressive state apparatus rather then compromise and bargaining when confronting competing interests. They are mostly poor and asymmetric in terms of economic distribution as well as access to political power.

참고자료

· Utterwulghe, Steve. Rwanda’s Protracted Social Conflict : Considering the Subjective Perspective in conflict Resolution Strategy, Internet Datum, www.trinstitute.org/ojpcr/p2_3utter.htm.
· Kriesberg, Louis. “Conclusion : Research and Policy Implication”, in Louis Kriesberg, Terrell Northrup and Stuart Thorson (eds), Intractable Conflicts and their Transformation, (USA : Syracuse University Press, 1989).
· Kelman, Herbert. C. “Social-Psychological Dimensions of International Conflict” in William Zartman and Lewis Rasmussen (eds), Peacemaking in International Conflict : Methods & Techniques, (Washington : United States Institute of Peace Press, 1997).
· Azar, Edward. E. “Ten Propositions on Protracted Social Conflict’ in Edward Azar and John W. Burton (eds), International conflict Resolution : Theory and Practice, (London : Wheatsheaf, 1986).
· Smith, Dan. “Trend and Causes of Armed Conflicts”, Internet Datum, www.berghof-center.org/handbook/smith/final.pdf.
· Maynard, Kimberly. “The Nature of Conflict and Complex Emergencies” in Fen Oslor Hampson, et al. Madness in the Multitude, (Oxford : OUP, 1999).
· Smith, Anthony. D. “Conflict and Collective Identity : Class, Ethnie and Nation”, in Edward Azar and John W. Burton (eds), International conflict Resolution : Theory and Practice, (London : Wheatsheaf, 1986).
· Azar, Edward. E. The Management of Protracted Social Conflict : Theory and Cases, (Hampshire : Dartmouth, 1990).
· Thorson, Stuart. J. “Introduction : Conceptual Issues”, in Louis Kriesberg, Terrell Northrup and Stuart Thorson (eds), Intractable Conflicts and their Transformation, (USA : Syracuse University Press, 1989).