폴 틸리히의 문화신학과 표현주의 모델 (Paul Tillich’s Theology of Culture and Expressionism Model)

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초록

Even though theology of culture has been a long-standing project of Christian theology since the time of St. Augustine, explicit methodological investigations on its model are found only in the 20th century. Three major methodological paradigms or models are worthy of mentioning in this context: Paul Tillich’s ‘expressionism’ model,George Lindbeck’s ‘language game’ model, and Kathryn Tanner’s ‘hybridity’ model. In a sense these three paradigms correspond to the three models of interreligious dialogue: ‘exclusivism,’ ‘inclusivism,’and ‘pluralism.’ This article has a limited purpose of analyzing only the first of Tillich’s expressionism model as the earliest groundbreaking attempt to heal the disastrous separation between religion and culture, between Christian message and contemporary situation.
Paul Tillich can be rightly called the father of modern theology of culture.
The author investigates Tillich’s theology of culture as a whole,focusing on his four important ideas: 1) Religion can be defined as ultimate concern, found beneath every form of cultural expression;2) Religion is the substance of culture, while culture is the expressive form of religion; 3) Cultural expression shows a threefold typology of autonomy, heteronomy, and theonomy; 4) Culture asks questions while religion answers them. Analyzing each of these claims based on careful textual analysis of Tillich’s own works, the author suggests that there is found a subtle paradigm shift between Tillich’s earlier and later thoughts on religion and culture. The former is called Tillich’s “expressionism model” while the latter “correlation model.” Further,Tillich’s later correlation model and its hermeneutical unilateralism are critically evaluated from an alternative perspective of hermeneutical bilateralism found in Jürgen Habermas, David Tracy, Francis Fiorenza,Kyoung Jae Kim, and so forth. The article ends with a tentative suggestion of structural parallel between Tillich’s theology of culture (expressionism model of form and substance) and Karl Rahner’s theology of religion (the inclusivism model of anonymous Christians).

영어초록

Even though theology of culture has been a long-standing project of Christian theology since the time of St. Augustine, explicit methodological investigations on its model are found only in the 20th century. Three major methodological paradigms or models are worthy of mentioning in this context: Paul Tillich’s ‘expressionism’ model,George Lindbeck’s ‘language game’ model, and Kathryn Tanner’s ‘hybridity’ model. In a sense these three paradigms correspond to the three models of interreligious dialogue: ‘exclusivism,’ ‘inclusivism,’and ‘pluralism.’ This article has a limited purpose of analyzing only the first of Tillich’s expressionism model as the earliest groundbreaking attempt to heal the disastrous separation between religion and culture, between Christian message and contemporary situation.
Paul Tillich can be rightly called the father of modern theology of culture.
The author investigates Tillich’s theology of culture as a whole,focusing on his four important ideas: 1) Religion can be defined as ultimate concern, found beneath every form of cultural expression;2) Religion is the substance of culture, while culture is the expressive form of religion; 3) Cultural expression shows a threefold typology of autonomy, heteronomy, and theonomy; 4) Culture asks questions while religion answers them. Analyzing each of these claims based on careful textual analysis of Tillich’s own works, the author suggests that there is found a subtle paradigm shift between Tillich’s earlier and later thoughts on religion and culture. The former is called Tillich’s “expressionism model” while the latter “correlation model.” Further,Tillich’s later correlation model and its hermeneutical unilateralism are critically evaluated from an alternative perspective of hermeneutical bilateralism found in Jürgen Habermas, David Tracy, Francis Fiorenza,Kyoung Jae Kim, and so forth. The article ends with a tentative suggestion of structural parallel between Tillich’s theology of culture (expressionism model of form and substance) and Karl Rahner’s theology of religion (the inclusivism model of anonymous Christians).

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