후쿠시마 오염수 방류 위험지각에 영향을 미치는 요인 : 미디어 노출, 당파적 정체성, 휴리스틱-체계적 정보 처리를 중심으로 (Determinants of Risk Perception on Fukushima Contaminated Water Discharge : Media Exposure, Partisan Identity, and Heuristic-Systematic Processing)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국언론학회
· 수록지 정보 : 한국언론학보 / 68권 / 6호 / 362 ~ 397페이지
· 저자명 : 이숙정, 유연

초록

후쿠시마 오염수 방류에 관한 일반인의 위험지각이 어떻게 형성되는지를 탐구하기 위해 미디어를 통한 관련 정보 노출, 당파적 정체성, 휴리스틱-체계적 정보 처리 방식이 위험지각에 미치는 영향과 휴리스틱-체계적 처리의 조절효과를 검증하고자 했다. 온·오프라인 설문조사를 실시했고 총 518명의 자료를 분석했다. 위험지각에 대한 요인분석을 한 결과, 후쿠시마 오염수 방류에 관한 공중의 위험지각은 지각된 유해성과 지각된 불확실성이라는 두 차원으로 구분됨을 확인했다. 연구가설에 대한 회귀분석 결과, 미디어를 통한 정보 노출량은 위험의 유해성 지각에 정적인 영향을 주었으나 그 영향력은 약한 편이었다. 독립변인 중, 당파적 정체성은 위험지각에 영향을 주는 가장 중요한 변인으로서 여당 정체성이 강할수록 유해성 지각이 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 휴리스틱 처리는 위험의 지각된 유해성에 부적인 영향을 주었고 체계적 처리는 지각된 유해성과 지각된 불확실성에 정적인 영향을 주었다. 또한 휴리스틱 처리는 당파적 정체성이 지각된 유해성에 미치는 영향을 강화하고 체계적 처리는 당파적 정체성의 영향을 약화하는 것으로 조절효과가 유의한 것을 확인했다. 지각된 불확실성이라는 위험지각의 새로운 차원과 위험지각에서의 정치적 양극화 현상을 발견하고, 휴리스틱-체계적 처리가 당파적 정체성에 따른 위험지각을 조절하는 효과가 있음을 검증했다는 데 의의가 있다.

영어초록

Effective risk communication and management policies must be grounded in a clear understanding of public risk perception. To explore how public perceptions of risk have been shaped regarding the discharge of Fukushima's contaminated water, this study investigated the key factors influencing these perceptions. Based on the theoretical models of the social amplification of risk framework, social identity, and heuristic and systematic processing, this study hypothesized that media exposure, partisan identity, and heuristic and systematic processing would influence risk perception, and that heuristic and systematic information processing would moderate the effect of partisan identity on risk perception. To evaluate the hypotheses, both online and offline surveys were conducted, resulting in data from 518 participants. The findings are summarized as follows: First, a factor analysis of risk perception revealed that public perceptions of the Fukushima contaminated water discharge could be categorized into two dimensions: perceived harm and perceived uncertainty. Second, regression analysis of the hypotheses showed that the amount of information exposure through the media had a positive effect on the perceived harmfulness of the risk, but the effect was weak. Third, among the independent variables, partisan identity emerged as the most significant factor shaping risk perception. Stronger identification with the ruling party was associated with lower levels of both perceived harmfulness and perceived uncertainty. Fourth, cognitive processing styles played a pivotal role, with heuristic processing negatively affecting perceived harmfulness, while systematic processing positively influenced both perceived harmfulness and perceived uncertainty. Fifth, the moderation effects of heuristic-systematic processing were significant. Heuristic processing strengthened the effect of partisan identity on perceived harmfulness and systematic processing weakened the effect of partisan identity on perceived harmfulness. The present study has the following implications. First, this study identified a new dimension of risk perception, that is, perceived uncertainty. While the previous studies has focused on a severity dimension in risk perception, this study emphasizes perceived uncertainty as well as perceived harmfulness should be examined in order to understand the public’s risk perception. Second, the present study confirmed that political polarization was occurring in the area of risk perception. This shows that risk-related issues are becoming a matter of social conflict polarized by partisanship. Third, the present study found that systematic processing plays an important role in reducing political polarization or social conflict in risk perception. These findings suggest that the risk communication model in response to uncertainty and political polarization in risk perception should be developed.

참고자료

· 없음