올리버 크롬웰 치세의 아일랜드 정복과 코나트(Connacht) 이주(transplantation) 정책 (Cromwellian Conquest of Ireland and Transplantation to Connacht)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 대구사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 대구사학 / 134권 / 359 ~ 394페이지
· 저자명 : 김중락

초록

이 논문은 1650년대 크롬웰 정권의 아일랜드 정복과 토지정착에서 코나트로의 이주가 어떻게 시행되었는지, 누가 주도했는지, 그리고 이주정책의 과정과 결과가 어떠했는지를 밝혀보고자 한 것이다. 반란군의 토지몰수와 가톨릭 지주의 코나트 이주 계획은 아이어턴의 제안과 1652년 아일랜드 정주법 및 1653년 배상법으로 마련되었고, 이를 적극적으로 시행한 인물은 크롬웰이 아니라 당시 아일랜드 총독이었던 찰스 플릿우드였다. 코나트 이주는 “지옥이냐, 코나트냐”라는 표현과는 달리 크게 엄격하지는 않았으며, 오히려 수많은 양보 가운데 이루어진 반쪽 정책이었다.

영어초록

The aim of this article to examine how the transplantation of the Irish Catholic proprietors and those who had been in arms to Connacht was designed and carried out during the Cromwellian settlement of Land in Ireland. The famous watchword, Hell or Connaught has been used to describe the harsh policy of the Cromwellian policy of transplantation, and Oliver Cromwell has been understood as the main prosecutor of the policy, as well as the massacres of Drogheda and Wexford.
A closer look at the details of the initial design of land confiscation and the land settlement guides us into a different understanding of its design. Henry Ireton's suggestion of qualification on pardon in early 1651 was the basis for the Irish land settlement, which was later legislated into the Act for the Settling of Ireland in 1652 and the Act of Satisfaction in 1653. Although the number of people who were exempted from pardon was not small, Ireton allowed the Irish landowners to keep some part of their lands according to their position in the federate army. Cromwell's other son-in-law, Charles Fleetwood, Lord Deputy of Ireland, was most enthusiastic in the transplantation scheme. Due to the powerful drive under the leadership of Fleetwood, 44,200 names of Irish landowners and their dependents were recorded in the certificates submitted to the revenue commission of Galway by 1 May 1654.
One of the major obstacles to the transplantation scheme was Cromwell himself. Most of the protestant royalists including the Ulster Scots were exempted from either land confiscation or transplantation under the protection of Cromwell. Appointment of his son Henry Cromwell as Lord Deputy in the expense of Fleetwood illustrates his reluctance of the harsh prosecution of transplantation. The death penalty for those who failed to transplant themselves to Connacht reduced to Barbados banishment even in the most severe cases, which hardly justified the concept of Hell or Connaught.

참고자료

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