청각, 촉각, 이교도 감성:『귀향』의 유스테시아와 『무지개』의 어슐라 (The Sense of Hearing, Touching, and Paganism:Eustacia in The Return of the Native and Ursula in The Rainbow)

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초록

The Return of the Native(1878), has the characteristics of Modernism, unlike other writers of realism in the Victorian period. In Thomas Hardy's most writings, the pagan ceremonies, the belief in superstitions, and the mythical motifs are seen to be prevalent. Hardy raised his skepticism about Western civilizations which had taken a deep hold upon the reason and Christianity. He believed that Christianity at that time contributed not only to building the self-deceptive Victorian culture, but to functioning quietly and secretly on a measure exclusively for the bourgeoisie. Through using the sense of hearing instead of that of sight, Hardy attempted to recover the natural bond with man and the universe.
D. H. Lawrence's novel, The Rainbow(1915), on the other hand, was stigmatized as part of the obscene literature and was stipulated to dispose the rest of his books by law. The naked pursuit of sex in the novel drew unwelcome attention and became an object under censorship in the society. While Hardy showed his anti-victorian spirits through the representation of the pagan cultures and traditional superstitions around the English country, in particular, Wessex, Lawrence launched a frontal attack on the society by foregrounding the problems of the institutionalized religion and the modernized human-beings against the life-force. Hardy's and Lawrence's two respective female characters, Eustacia and Ursula, had different values from the women in general at the time, in that they voluntarily found their own love and life following their instinctive sensual senses.
This paper illuminates how the modern society has degenerated and dismissed human senses and the life of religion as simple empirical tools in Hardy's and Lawrence's novels. By bringing attention to the significance of the senses, especially the sense of hearing and touching against that of sight, it tries to show how tragic the institutionalized religion and human-beings which have lost their own vitality can be.

영어초록

The Return of the Native(1878), has the characteristics of Modernism, unlike other writers of realism in the Victorian period. In Thomas Hardy's most writings, the pagan ceremonies, the belief in superstitions, and the mythical motifs are seen to be prevalent. Hardy raised his skepticism about Western civilizations which had taken a deep hold upon the reason and Christianity. He believed that Christianity at that time contributed not only to building the self-deceptive Victorian culture, but to functioning quietly and secretly on a measure exclusively for the bourgeoisie. Through using the sense of hearing instead of that of sight, Hardy attempted to recover the natural bond with man and the universe.
D. H. Lawrence's novel, The Rainbow(1915), on the other hand, was stigmatized as part of the obscene literature and was stipulated to dispose the rest of his books by law. The naked pursuit of sex in the novel drew unwelcome attention and became an object under censorship in the society. While Hardy showed his anti-victorian spirits through the representation of the pagan cultures and traditional superstitions around the English country, in particular, Wessex, Lawrence launched a frontal attack on the society by foregrounding the problems of the institutionalized religion and the modernized human-beings against the life-force. Hardy's and Lawrence's two respective female characters, Eustacia and Ursula, had different values from the women in general at the time, in that they voluntarily found their own love and life following their instinctive sensual senses.
This paper illuminates how the modern society has degenerated and dismissed human senses and the life of religion as simple empirical tools in Hardy's and Lawrence's novels. By bringing attention to the significance of the senses, especially the sense of hearing and touching against that of sight, it tries to show how tragic the institutionalized religion and human-beings which have lost their own vitality can be.

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