부자와 순례자들: 중국 제일 부촌에서의 탈사회주의 모더니티 관광 (Riches and Pilgrims: Postsocialist Modernity Tourism in China's Richest Village)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국문화인류학회
· 수록지 정보 : 한국문화인류학 / 40권 / 2호 / 3 ~ 47페이지
· 저자명 : 양한순

초록

This article examines how today’s Chinese people negotiate postsocialist Chinese modernity when they engage in tourism in Huaxi, a village known as China’s richest village. Huaxi is a rural village in Jiangsu and has accumulated enormous wealth by producing various commodities in its village enterprises. Because of its successful adaptation to the market economy in the early years of Chinese reform, the village came to be regarded as a model for rural development. As its reputation grew, Huaxi began to attract a large number of tourists nationwide who sought to learn from its experience of success.
Displaying modern consumer goods and images of globalization to tourists, Huaxi offers fascinating examples of postsocialist Chinese discourses of modernity.
In Huaxi, wealth is celebrated unabashedly in public speeches and other staged performances. At the same time, the village has not yet completely dissolved the socialist collective ownership system. Therefore, Huaxi still represents itself as a socialist rural village. However, the meaning of socialism in Huaxi is inherently different from Maoist socialism, because it is material wealth that has become the primary focus of Huaxi’s tourism and which is the central value emphasized in Huaxi’s representation of postsocialist Chinese modernity.
My analysis of Huaxi’s tourism draws upon theoretical conceptualizations of power in the anthropology of tourism. To analyze the issue of power, this paper distinguishes between tourism and pilgrimage, with tourism conceptualized as a journey to the margins of power, while pilgrimage is defined as a journey toward the center of power, whether it is religious, political or cultural. In this sense, this paper regards Huaxi tourism as a“secular pilgrimage”in which tourists from margins of modernity visit a center of modernity.
This paper also shows that tourists from poor areas and those from wealthy areas interpret Huaxi in different ways. Tourists from poor rural China visit Huaxi with the aspiration of emulating the success of Huaxi. They are pilgrims of modernity. For them, Huaxi is a center of modernity. Thus, they tend to be impressed with Huaxi’s display of material wealth and the village’s public celebration of its achievements. On the other hand, tourists from urban centers tend to have much less interest in the wealth of Huaxi. Instead, advocating privatization and neoliberal reform, they even criticize Huaxi for its“ anachronistic”collectivism. All in all, Huaxi is now a model village that has passed the high point of its success. It is still honored and emulated by Chinese peasants, but at the same time it is denounced by urban elites.

영어초록

This article examines how today’s Chinese people negotiate postsocialist Chinese modernity when they engage in tourism in Huaxi, a village known as China’s richest village. Huaxi is a rural village in Jiangsu and has accumulated enormous wealth by producing various commodities in its village enterprises. Because of its successful adaptation to the market economy in the early years of Chinese reform, the village came to be regarded as a model for rural development. As its reputation grew, Huaxi began to attract a large number of tourists nationwide who sought to learn from its experience of success.
Displaying modern consumer goods and images of globalization to tourists, Huaxi offers fascinating examples of postsocialist Chinese discourses of modernity.
In Huaxi, wealth is celebrated unabashedly in public speeches and other staged performances. At the same time, the village has not yet completely dissolved the socialist collective ownership system. Therefore, Huaxi still represents itself as a socialist rural village. However, the meaning of socialism in Huaxi is inherently different from Maoist socialism, because it is material wealth that has become the primary focus of Huaxi’s tourism and which is the central value emphasized in Huaxi’s representation of postsocialist Chinese modernity.
My analysis of Huaxi’s tourism draws upon theoretical conceptualizations of power in the anthropology of tourism. To analyze the issue of power, this paper distinguishes between tourism and pilgrimage, with tourism conceptualized as a journey to the margins of power, while pilgrimage is defined as a journey toward the center of power, whether it is religious, political or cultural. In this sense, this paper regards Huaxi tourism as a“secular pilgrimage”in which tourists from margins of modernity visit a center of modernity.
This paper also shows that tourists from poor areas and those from wealthy areas interpret Huaxi in different ways. Tourists from poor rural China visit Huaxi with the aspiration of emulating the success of Huaxi. They are pilgrims of modernity. For them, Huaxi is a center of modernity. Thus, they tend to be impressed with Huaxi’s display of material wealth and the village’s public celebration of its achievements. On the other hand, tourists from urban centers tend to have much less interest in the wealth of Huaxi. Instead, advocating privatization and neoliberal reform, they even criticize Huaxi for its“ anachronistic”collectivism. All in all, Huaxi is now a model village that has passed the high point of its success. It is still honored and emulated by Chinese peasants, but at the same time it is denounced by urban elites.

참고자료

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