脫식민시기(1945.8～1948.7) 남한에서의 3․1의 召喚과 表象 (the Recalling and Representation of Colonial March 1st in the Post-colonial Days of August 1945 through July 1948)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 성균관대학교 대동문화연구원
· 수록지 정보 : 대동문화연구 / 66호 / 297 ~ 333페이지
· 저자명 : 임종명

초록

1919년의 3․1은 被식민지人인 한국인이 일본제국․식민주의에 대해 저항했던 ‘전국적․全인민적 反식민주의 항쟁’이었다. 이와 같은 3․1의 召喚․表象을 통해 脫식민시기 남한엘리트는 식민 시기의 역사를, 또 과거 제국의 신민을 민족화하고, 나아가 한국인을 민족국가의 정치적 주체로 전변시키고자 한다. 바로 이러한 것이 脫식민시기 3․1이 갖고 있던 자산의 내용과 당대적 함의를 보여주는 것이라 할 수 있다.
3․1의 민족적 함의는 3․1에 대한 엘리트의 관심을 고조시키고, 또 3․1을 둘러싼 경쟁을 낳는다. 즉, 3․1의 민족적 함의 내지 중요성에 유념하면서, 당대 엘리트와 각종 사회․정치세력은 자신의 당대적 議題―예컨대, 자신의 민족적 정통성 시위와 정치적 헤게모니의 확립―에 따라 자기중심적으로 3․1을 표상하고 전유한다. 이러한 노력은 당연히도 3․1을 둘러싼, 격렬한―심지어 기념식이 유혈사태로 끝날 정도의―경쟁을 낳는다.
이러한 속에서, 3․1은 전유․경쟁의 대상화되면서 정치화되었다. 다종한 사회․정치집단은 3․1을 소환하여, 자신에게 새겨진 식민․제국주의의 과거를 지우는 한편 스스로를 민족적으로 표상하여 자신의 민족적 정통성과 활동의 정당성을 시위하는 자료로 3․1을 전용한다. 이러한 과정에서 3․1은 경쟁의 대상으로 되고, 나아가 당대 사회․정치세력에 의해 ‘정치화’된다. 이와 같이 정치적으로 대상화된 것, 바로 이것이 脫식민시기 3․1의 모습이었다.

영어초록

For Koreans, August 15th of 1945 was a moment of 'bliss', but at the same time an embarrassing event. Korean Liberation from Japanese colonialism was accompanied by the victory of the United States and the Soviets Union over Japan. This was enough to embarrass Koreans in that the primary contemporary nationalist agenda of national liberation was realized by national Others of the Soviets and the States.
Facing this perplexing situation, contemporary South Korean elite recalled colonial March 1st(1919) for its appropriation to their post-colonial agendas. More than anything else, the elite tried to help their fellow Koreans out of the above-mentioned perplexities by recalling March 1st and hereby redefining the liberation as what the Korean nation secured with its struggle against Japanese colonialism. In this process, the elite reconstructed the colonial past as the time and space in which Japanese imperialism and colonialism nationally oppressed Korean people while Korean people nationally resisted against Japanese Imperialism. This was meant to give a national life to the post-colonial Korean people who had lived their lives as Japanese imperial subject and colonial subject. At the same time, they exploited March 1st as a 'historical evidence' showing Korean people's national potentials to establish and maintain its own nation-state to the international society. All these things illustrate why and how March 1st was mobilized to the post-colonial national agenda and how significant it was in post-colonial South Korea. This post-colonial significance of March 1st drew South Koreans' attentions upon the historical event.
South Korean elite tried to appropriate March 1st to their own interests in many senses. At the same time, contemporary social and political groups appropriated March 1st to their own benefits. For example, political and cultural right-wingers meant to politically use March 1st as the historical rationale for the national legitimacy of 'Provisional Government in Shanghai' to secure right-wing national hegemony from leftists. This political mechination clearly showed the political meaning of March 1st to right wingers, which drove March 1st into 'authentically' political arena for national hegemony among competing political groups. Political and cultural leftists criticized right-wing representation of March 1st while reconstructing their own March 1st. This was to de-legitimize the Government and right-wingers while hegemonizing the leftist politics. This shows that March 1st became the battle field for political hegemony among the contemporary competing political and cultural groups. The battle field constituted what March 1st in colonial past was in the post-colonial South Korea.

참고자료

· 없음