헝가리 민속신앙 비교 연구: 헝가리의 탈토시와 한국의 무당을 중심으로 (Comparative Studies on the Hungarian Folk Religion: Focused on Táltos in Hungary and Mudang in Korea)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국동서비교문학학회
· 수록지 정보 : 동서비교문학저널 / 27호 / 201 ~ 219페이지
· 저자명 : 유진일

초록

Hungary is often characteristically referred to as “Asia in Europe.” This indicates that Hungarians currently reside in Europe, but migrated from Asia in the past. Their ancient Asian faiths are well shown by “táltos,” “életfa,” “világfa,” etc. which appear in various forms in Hungarian traditional folklore culture and oral literature. In particular, the táltos is considerably similar to a Korean shaman, i.e. mudang in that he/she has long dominated the spiritual world of Hungarian people as a being that connects humans to gods. First, though Christianity is given more weight in them than other nations, the two countries still see the wide spread of ancient shamanistic faiths among their peoples. Second, the gods served by táltos and mudangs are different in shape from those served by the shamans in Siberia and Central Asia, which were pointed out by Eliade as the sources of shamans. The gods in Korea and Hungary are quite similar to each other in appearance, although this may be a mere accident. Third, shamanism is deeply rooted in the cultures and lives of the both countries. As the popular life in Korea is closely related to Feng Shui, shamanistic songs, etc, so that in Hungary is deeply infiltrated by astrology and exorcism, especially with shamanistic factors deeply involved in folk arts. Lastly, Hungarians regarded deer as holy animals, which is to be found in the golden crowns from the Silla Kingdom.
In general, mudangs are roughly divided into two kinds, i.e. “possessed mudangs” and “hereditary mudangs.” No written record has yet been found on any táltos, who is specially born and subjected to a special disease a person destined for a táltos must put up with. Interestingly enough, Korean shamanism does not harmonize with Christianity, but is opposed to it, while Hungarian one peacefully coexists with Christianity without conflict. Despite of such differences, Hungarian shamanism is similar to that in Central Asia and Siberia which is not to be seen in other European countries. This makes it somewhat valid in religious terms as well to assert in linguistic terms that Hungarians are from Asia.

영어초록

Hungary is often characteristically referred to as “Asia in Europe.” This indicates that Hungarians currently reside in Europe, but migrated from Asia in the past. Their ancient Asian faiths are well shown by “táltos,” “életfa,” “világfa,” etc. which appear in various forms in Hungarian traditional folklore culture and oral literature. In particular, the táltos is considerably similar to a Korean shaman, i.e. mudang in that he/she has long dominated the spiritual world of Hungarian people as a being that connects humans to gods. First, though Christianity is given more weight in them than other nations, the two countries still see the wide spread of ancient shamanistic faiths among their peoples. Second, the gods served by táltos and mudangs are different in shape from those served by the shamans in Siberia and Central Asia, which were pointed out by Eliade as the sources of shamans. The gods in Korea and Hungary are quite similar to each other in appearance, although this may be a mere accident. Third, shamanism is deeply rooted in the cultures and lives of the both countries. As the popular life in Korea is closely related to Feng Shui, shamanistic songs, etc, so that in Hungary is deeply infiltrated by astrology and exorcism, especially with shamanistic factors deeply involved in folk arts. Lastly, Hungarians regarded deer as holy animals, which is to be found in the golden crowns from the Silla Kingdom.
In general, mudangs are roughly divided into two kinds, i.e. “possessed mudangs” and “hereditary mudangs.” No written record has yet been found on any táltos, who is specially born and subjected to a special disease a person destined for a táltos must put up with. Interestingly enough, Korean shamanism does not harmonize with Christianity, but is opposed to it, while Hungarian one peacefully coexists with Christianity without conflict. Despite of such differences, Hungarian shamanism is similar to that in Central Asia and Siberia which is not to be seen in other European countries. This makes it somewhat valid in religious terms as well to assert in linguistic terms that Hungarians are from Asia.

참고자료

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