조선 초 공신 책봉과 개국･정사･좌명공신의 정치적 동향 (A Study on Investiture of Meritorious Retainer and Political Tendency of Gaeguk･Jungsa･Jwamyeong Meritorious Retainers in the earlier Joseon Dynasty)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 고려사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 韓國史學報 / 35호 / 153 ~ 188페이지
· 저자명 : 김윤주

초록

This study has checked the overall investiture of meritorious retainer in the earlier Joseon Dynasy and the power structure readjusted by political interests during the process of the investiture, or after that, as the meritorious retainer. Especially it has considered the political tendency of ‘three meritorious retainers(三功臣)’, Gaeguk(開國), Jungsa(定社), Jwamyeong(佐命), relating with King Taejong(太宗)’s policy of the royal authority.
In the reign of the Taejo(太祖), 1,508 meritorious retainers were invested. The foundation meritorious retainer was focused on the people who have the direct exploit to found the Joseon Dynasty with King Taejo’s nomination. On the other hand, Wonjong meritorious retainer(原從功臣) was included the people who have a political power in Goryeo dynasty as well as the people with less exploit. Joseon Dynasty incorporated the Goryeo officials reliably to a new politics organization by the investiture of the Wonjong meritorious retainer and helped them to accept the justice of the Josoen Dynasty’s foundation easily. Also, the investiture for hoegun meritorious retainer(回軍功臣) was conducted to have the old governing group and the justice for troop withdrawal of Wihaw-island with securing the throne orthodoxy.
It was reduced the orthodoxy of the meritorious retainer from the King Jeongjong(定宗) to the King Taejong period. Jungsa meritorious retainers were invested after the first prince war, Jwamyeong meritorious retainers, suppressing the second prince war, were invested after the King Taejong came to the throne. The Wonjong meritorious retainers of the King Taejong’s were only 86.
But the political power of the meritorious retainers, Gaeguk, Jungsa, Jwamyeong, after the King Taejong came to the throne. Those ‘three meritorious retainers’ developed their political action actively by holding the Uijungbu(議政府, State Council), Yukjo(六曹, Six Ministries), Saheonbu(司憲府, Inspection Institute). As the days went by, the meritorious retainers became reduced but ‘three meritorious retainers’ were active as the major members of the politics. Extending their power had been allowed in the range of class not to be close to the royal authority, and political conflict had been generated by new relations among them. Sometimes, there was a meritorious retainer impeached by the others for several years, the King Taejong had strengthen his authority by using the conflict among them.
The King Taejong wanted ‘three meritorious retainers’ to support him and advised them to be together through the league. But King Taejong had been eliminated them whenever there are meritorious retainers threatening the royal power as the way of strengthening the royal authority.
The other meritorious retainers established their political position by attacking to the one of them who impeached. So ironically it is the compromised result between the union by the league and strict elimination of the meritorious retainer by the King Taejong, it can be told that three meritorious retainers in the reign of the Taejong were single meritorious retainer supporting the royal authority positively.

영어초록

This study has checked the overall investiture of meritorious retainer in the earlier Joseon Dynasy and the power structure readjusted by political interests during the process of the investiture, or after that, as the meritorious retainer. Especially it has considered the political tendency of ‘three meritorious retainers(三功臣)’, Gaeguk(開國), Jungsa(定社), Jwamyeong(佐命), relating with King Taejong(太宗)’s policy of the royal authority.
In the reign of the Taejo(太祖), 1,508 meritorious retainers were invested. The foundation meritorious retainer was focused on the people who have the direct exploit to found the Joseon Dynasty with King Taejo’s nomination. On the other hand, Wonjong meritorious retainer(原從功臣) was included the people who have a political power in Goryeo dynasty as well as the people with less exploit. Joseon Dynasty incorporated the Goryeo officials reliably to a new politics organization by the investiture of the Wonjong meritorious retainer and helped them to accept the justice of the Josoen Dynasty’s foundation easily. Also, the investiture for hoegun meritorious retainer(回軍功臣) was conducted to have the old governing group and the justice for troop withdrawal of Wihaw-island with securing the throne orthodoxy.
It was reduced the orthodoxy of the meritorious retainer from the King Jeongjong(定宗) to the King Taejong period. Jungsa meritorious retainers were invested after the first prince war, Jwamyeong meritorious retainers, suppressing the second prince war, were invested after the King Taejong came to the throne. The Wonjong meritorious retainers of the King Taejong’s were only 86.
But the political power of the meritorious retainers, Gaeguk, Jungsa, Jwamyeong, after the King Taejong came to the throne. Those ‘three meritorious retainers’ developed their political action actively by holding the Uijungbu(議政府, State Council), Yukjo(六曹, Six Ministries), Saheonbu(司憲府, Inspection Institute). As the days went by, the meritorious retainers became reduced but ‘three meritorious retainers’ were active as the major members of the politics. Extending their power had been allowed in the range of class not to be close to the royal authority, and political conflict had been generated by new relations among them. Sometimes, there was a meritorious retainer impeached by the others for several years, the King Taejong had strengthen his authority by using the conflict among them.
The King Taejong wanted ‘three meritorious retainers’ to support him and advised them to be together through the league. But King Taejong had been eliminated them whenever there are meritorious retainers threatening the royal power as the way of strengthening the royal authority.
The other meritorious retainers established their political position by attacking to the one of them who impeached. So ironically it is the compromised result between the union by the league and strict elimination of the meritorious retainer by the King Taejong, it can be told that three meritorious retainers in the reign of the Taejong were single meritorious retainer supporting the royal authority positively.

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