근세말기의 일본의 왕권 - 鷹司政通와 효명천황과의 관계를 중심으로 - (Japanese Royal Authority(王權) in the Later Modern Period - Focusing on the Relationship between Takatsukasa Masamichi and Emperor Komei -)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 일본사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 일본역사연구 / 26호 / 83 ~ 105페이지
· 저자명 : 이원우

초록

While some may consider them inadequate, the terms "emperor" or "Japanese emperor system" have been important in the discussion of the state or political systems formed in Japan since medieval times. One of the more recent definitions of royal authority divides it into three categories: (1) the legitimate political authority of the king; (2) the structure or system that makes the king; and (3) the individual that governs throughout an era or the political power of a specific group.
Such ideas about the royal authority form a very effective tool for giving a logical explanation of the "historical facts" of Japanese history based on the "unbroken imperial genealogy of ten thousand generations" and the existence of the tenkabito (天下人) or shogun (將軍) who ruled each era. In this thesis, the diversity of such concepts is used to discuss the relationship between the five regent houses and the emperor in the Bakumatsu period by focusing on the relationship between Takatsukasa Masamichi and Emperor Komei.
According to Inoue Katsuo, the Japanese political arena in the Bakumatsu period was characterized by the powerful Takatsukasa who succeeded in usurping the power of the emperor. However, it would be too much to say that Emperor Komei supported the "eviction of the Western barbarians" as a desperate attempt to recover his political influence: on the contrary, Emperor Komei expressed his full support for and deep trust in Takatsukasa Masamichi, a taiko who was a symbol of the rule exercised by powerful regent houses.
When Emperor Komei found Masamichi standing on the opposite side to himself where important state affairs such as the matter of opening Japanese ports for foreign traders were concerned, the emperor gave up his support and planned to remove him from power. The fall of Masamichi in July 1858 was the direct result of his failure to maintain imperial support and trust. That year's collapse meant the end of the absolute power he had wielded for over 40 years, and he would never be able to recover from it despite the strong support of the Edo Bakuhu.
In September of the same year, Emperor Komei had a dispute with Kujo Hisatada, his father-in-law as well as a new kampaku who took the opposite stand over the imperial sanction to trade treaties, and was able to completely eliminate the latter's influence on the government.
The Japanese emperors and their dynasty, having long been venerated as divine beings and regarded as the golden crown of the ruling body, would not now become pure divinities or holy priests of the Ise Shrine. The Japanese ruling class had continued to orchestrate various political activities (rituals and governing activities), with the emperor residing in the imperial palace in Kyoto representing the apex of their hierarchy. The outcome was the rise of the emperor not just as the head of state but as a dominant political figure in the Bakumatsu and the early Meiji period.

영어초록

While some may consider them inadequate, the terms "emperor" or "Japanese emperor system" have been important in the discussion of the state or political systems formed in Japan since medieval times. One of the more recent definitions of royal authority divides it into three categories: (1) the legitimate political authority of the king; (2) the structure or system that makes the king; and (3) the individual that governs throughout an era or the political power of a specific group.
Such ideas about the royal authority form a very effective tool for giving a logical explanation of the "historical facts" of Japanese history based on the "unbroken imperial genealogy of ten thousand generations" and the existence of the tenkabito (天下人) or shogun (將軍) who ruled each era. In this thesis, the diversity of such concepts is used to discuss the relationship between the five regent houses and the emperor in the Bakumatsu period by focusing on the relationship between Takatsukasa Masamichi and Emperor Komei.
According to Inoue Katsuo, the Japanese political arena in the Bakumatsu period was characterized by the powerful Takatsukasa who succeeded in usurping the power of the emperor. However, it would be too much to say that Emperor Komei supported the "eviction of the Western barbarians" as a desperate attempt to recover his political influence: on the contrary, Emperor Komei expressed his full support for and deep trust in Takatsukasa Masamichi, a taiko who was a symbol of the rule exercised by powerful regent houses.
When Emperor Komei found Masamichi standing on the opposite side to himself where important state affairs such as the matter of opening Japanese ports for foreign traders were concerned, the emperor gave up his support and planned to remove him from power. The fall of Masamichi in July 1858 was the direct result of his failure to maintain imperial support and trust. That year's collapse meant the end of the absolute power he had wielded for over 40 years, and he would never be able to recover from it despite the strong support of the Edo Bakuhu.
In September of the same year, Emperor Komei had a dispute with Kujo Hisatada, his father-in-law as well as a new kampaku who took the opposite stand over the imperial sanction to trade treaties, and was able to completely eliminate the latter's influence on the government.
The Japanese emperors and their dynasty, having long been venerated as divine beings and regarded as the golden crown of the ruling body, would not now become pure divinities or holy priests of the Ise Shrine. The Japanese ruling class had continued to orchestrate various political activities (rituals and governing activities), with the emperor residing in the imperial palace in Kyoto representing the apex of their hierarchy. The outcome was the rise of the emperor not just as the head of state but as a dominant political figure in the Bakumatsu and the early Meiji period.

참고자료

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