제1차 세계대전 이후 미국에서의 일본인 배척운동, 1919-1924 (Development of Japanese Exclusion Movement and Enactment of the Anti-Japanese Laws in the U.S., 1919-1924)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 전북사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 전북사학 / 41호 / 317 ~ 342페이지
· 저자명 : 김지원

초록

The purpose of this study is to examine the anti-Japanese movement in the U.S. from 1919 to 1924. In particular, this study analyzes main factors of Japanese exclusion movement after World War I from several perspectives and how these factors interrelated to formulate Japanese exclusion movement since 1919. Anti-Japanese hostility was already existed before World War I. There was a racial hierarchy in the United states as well as California since 1790. Asian immigrants were 'aliens ineligible to citizenship' until 1952. Also rapid increase of Japanese immigrants and their successful adjustment in the filed of agriculture stimulated Californians. During the World War I, the racial prejudice for Japanese were not disappeared. Rather the anti-Japanese movement had been greatly changed.
Above all, the Gentlemen’s Agreement became the crucial point for anti-Japanese movement during this period. Californians started to recognize this agreement was a failure. Japan’s intervention to issue passport to the Japanese immigrants resulted in immigration of lots of Japanese as well as picture brides. The Japanese birth rate rapidly increased. The issue of Japanese exclusion became the special problem in West coast as well in the U.S from 1919. Furthermore, the Japanese concentration and encroachment in the farming became so remarkable around 1920. The unified anti-Japanese sentiment reflected on the decision of 1920, 1923 Alien Land Act. In 1922 The U,S. Supreme Court determined Japanese as ‘aliens ineligible to citizenship’ through Ozawa Case. Finally, in 1924, Immigration Law forced to exclude Japanese immigrants from Japan. Furthermore, adding the exclusion clause in this law, Japanese immigrants were totally excluded.

영어초록

The purpose of this study is to examine the anti-Japanese movement in the U.S. from 1919 to 1924. In particular, this study analyzes main factors of Japanese exclusion movement after World War I from several perspectives and how these factors interrelated to formulate Japanese exclusion movement since 1919. Anti-Japanese hostility was already existed before World War I. There was a racial hierarchy in the United states as well as California since 1790. Asian immigrants were 'aliens ineligible to citizenship' until 1952. Also rapid increase of Japanese immigrants and their successful adjustment in the filed of agriculture stimulated Californians. During the World War I, the racial prejudice for Japanese were not disappeared. Rather the anti-Japanese movement had been greatly changed.
Above all, the Gentlemen’s Agreement became the crucial point for anti-Japanese movement during this period. Californians started to recognize this agreement was a failure. Japan’s intervention to issue passport to the Japanese immigrants resulted in immigration of lots of Japanese as well as picture brides. The Japanese birth rate rapidly increased. The issue of Japanese exclusion became the special problem in West coast as well in the U.S from 1919. Furthermore, the Japanese concentration and encroachment in the farming became so remarkable around 1920. The unified anti-Japanese sentiment reflected on the decision of 1920, 1923 Alien Land Act. In 1922 The U,S. Supreme Court determined Japanese as ‘aliens ineligible to citizenship’ through Ozawa Case. Finally, in 1924, Immigration Law forced to exclude Japanese immigrants from Japan. Furthermore, adding the exclusion clause in this law, Japanese immigrants were totally excluded.

참고자료

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