현장실험을 통해 분석한 비정규직의 정규직 전환에 따른 직무태도 변화에 관한 연구 (The Effect of Securing Jobs for Non-Regular Workers on Job Satisfaction and Organization Involvement: Field Experiment at Seoul A Public Corporation)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국고용노사관계학회
· 수록지 정보 : 산업관계연구 / 30권 / 4호 / 63 ~ 90페이지
· 저자명 : 방장영, 이영면

초록

본 연구에서는 2018년 3월에 실시된 서울 A공사의 ‘안전업무직’에 대한정규직 전환 사건을 기준으로, 해당 비정규직의 심리적 상태에 대하여 정규직 전환 전 사전 조사 및 정규직 전환 후 사후 조사를 각 1회씩 실시하였다.
실험집단인 비정규직의 비율이 비정규직 100%에서 비정규직 0%로 바뀌는 실험적 상황에서, 같은 시기에 동 정책의 영향이 크지 않을 것으로 추정되었던 기존의 정규직을 통제집단으로 설정한 후, 정규직 전환정책이 시행되는 시점을 기준으로 사전과 사후 조사를 시행하고 대응표본 t-검정 및 DID test로 실험집단과 통제집단의 변화를 분석하였다.
조사 결과, 비정규직을 정규직으로 전환할 때, 그 비정규직의 전반적인 직무만족도와 조직몰입도는 증가하였으나, 요인별로 보면 임금소득, 고용안정성, 복리후생 등에 대한 직무만족에 대해서는 증가하였고, 직무 내용이나 근로환경 등에서는 변화를 보이지 않았다. 요인별 조직몰입도에서는 의미 있는변화를 보이지 않았다. 동일한 시기에 조사된 통제집단인 정규직 집단의 경우 전반적 직무만족도에서 하락하였으며, 조직몰입도는 일부 요인에서 하락하는 경향이 발견되었다.
본 연구는 정규직 전환정책에서 제기된 문제를 설명하는 경쟁적 이론을 설정하고 그에 따른 조사를 시행한 후 결과를 제시하였다. 또한, 실증분석의 실무적 시사점 및 토론 방향을 제시하여 정부의 비정규직의 정규직 전환정책이 민간부문에서의 적용에 마중물이 될 수 있는지를 검토하였다.

영어초록

This study is an empirical analysis of whether job attitudes improve as expected when non-regular workers are converted to regular workers. Theoretically, there may be a controversy over whether the transition of non-regular workers to regular jobs necessarily improves job attitudes such as job satisfaction and organizational commitment. According to the social comparison theory as an example, former non-regular workers were compared themselves with non-regular workers inside and outside the organization who performed similar jobs because they were virtually incapable of being converted to permanent workers. However, after the transition to regular workers, their reference group may be changed to existing regular workers, not the non-regular workers anymore. As a result the, job attitudes may fall because of this change in reference group.
To analyze the argument above, this study measured the job satisfaction and organizational commitment of non-regular workers who were converted to regular workers at Seoul A corporation under Seoul Metropolitan City. To measure the job satisfaction and organizational commitment, two surveys were conducted respectively before and after transition of non-regular workers to regular workers in the corporation in March through June 2018. In addition, in order to increase the validity of the research results, the control group of existing regular workers was set and surveyed simultaneously. To verify the hypeses, paired t-test and DID test were used in the analysis.
The results show that the transition to regular employment has increased job satisfaction for non-regular workers. But the change was not strongly significant as expected by the government and by the scholars who support the transition to regular workers. The results of the study also show that the existing regular workers lower their job attitudes when the experimental group of non-regular workers changes their job status from non-regular to regular employment. This result was interesting because it is expected that the job attitude of control group would not change at all because their physical aspect of working conditions does not change.
In the theoretical review of this study, the social comparison theory predict that job attitudes of experimental group may not be necessarily improved or even lowered because the group changes its reference from non-regular to regular workers after the transition. This prediction was supported by the empirical analysis of this study. Of course, this empirical study needs a caution to generalize the results because the study analysed only a sample of specific job group of workers at a public organization in Seoul. Also, the size of control group is not large enough to secure the empirical results. However, this result can be a first step to analyze the real effect of transition of non-regular workers to regular workers in Korean public sector.

참고자료

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