김천 읍지 『금릉지』의 편찬과 편찬정신 (Compilation of the Gazetteer of Gimcheon, 『Geumneungji』 and the Compilation Spirit)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국사학사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 韓國史學史學報 / 30호 / 147 ~ 177페이지
· 저자명 : 박인호

초록

이 논문은 옛 김산 지역에 대한 읍지인 『금릉지』를 소개하면서 책의 편찬이 가지는 사학사적 의미를 살펴 본 것이다. 그리고 실학에 기반한 개혁적 문제의식의 지역 확산과 전파를 살펴보려는데 연구의 목적이 있다.
사찬읍지는 16-17세기 영남지역을 시작으로 전국적으로 널리 편찬되면서 체재면에서 일정한 정형을 갖추었다. 그러나 1718년 여이명이 편찬한 『금릉지』는 사찬읍지의 정형화된 체재와는 달리 특이한 항목 설정과 ‘고증’이라는 명칭을 사용하고 있으며, 각 坊里에 대한 설명에서는 인물의 집안 내력을 종합적으로 기술하는 방식을 취하고 있다. 『금릉지』의 이러한 기술방식은 17세기 중엽에 편찬된 이시분의 『단성지』로부터 영향을 받았다.
『금릉지』는 유형원의 사돈인 배상유의 제자인 이태하와 여이명이 편찬을 시도하여 여이명에 의해 완성된 읍지이다. 『금릉지』는 방리별로 각 가문 인물의 入鄕 경위와 해당 가문의 인물을 가계에 따라 정리함으로써 인물의 내력과 移居해 오거나 나간 인물의 출처를 알 수 있게 한다. 또한 『금릉지』에서는 유적이나 사건이 나올 때 바로 관련된 시문을 제시함으로써 유적의 문화적 내용을 풍부하게 하였으며, 지역에 대한 자부심을 드러내었다. 그리고 『금릉지』에서는 당대 김산의 현실에 대한 비판적인 보고와 개혁적인 구상을 보이고 있다.
『금릉지』는 18세기 김산의 사정을 종합적으로 파악할 수 있도록 한다. 인물의 이거와 계승의 기록은 18세기 향촌 사회에서의 인물 이동의 양상을 보여주는 매우 특이한 자료이다. 또한 이 책은 17세기 유형원에 시도되었던 개혁의식이 사돈인 배상유와 그의 제자들을 통해 읍지에 수렴된 사례를 보여준다. 다른 읍지에서는 거의 보이지 않은 당대의 문제에 대한 지적과 개혁의식이 읍지에 반영된 것은 실학의 확산과 지방에서의 수렴의 한 예로 볼 수 있다.

영어초록

This study introduces 『Geumneungji』, a work containing geographical materials related to the old Gimsan area, and analyzes the significance of the compilation of this eupji(local gazetteer).
Having first appeared in the Yeongnam region, private gazetteers became quite popular around the nation during the 16th-17th centuries. All followed a certain standard in terms of their form. However, 『Geumneungji』 compiled by Yeo Imyeong in 1718 as a gazetteer for Gimsan marks a departure from the standard form of private gazetteers in that it exhibits a unique selection of items and titles such as ‘gojeong(historical research)’. In particular, it includes comprehensive descriptions of the family background of persons in the introduction to each prefecture.
The description method utilized in 『Geumneungji』 appears to have been influenced by 『Danseongji』 compiled by Yi Sibun during the mid-17th century. However, while 『Geumneungji』 placed all the items covered under the umbrella of historical research on a particular area, 『Danseongji』 only included sections on history and mountains and rivers along with historical research on towns and prefectures. In addition, poems were added in the descriptions to each section to humanize the relevant section.
『Geumneungji』 was first compiled by Yi Taeha and Yeo Imyeong who were disciples of Bae Sangyu, an in-law of Yu Hyeongwon. It was eventually completed by Yeo Imyeong. In this regard, 『Geumneungji』 has characteristics that set it apart from other private gazetteers.
First, this work helps to shed some light on trends that impacted family clans in the Gimsan area. Although other gazetteers of Gimsan had been compiled, these proved to be of little help in deciphering the family history of individuals because the focus was simply on the description of known figures in that particular local area. However, 『Geumneungji』 provides information about the process through which a family clan came to settle in the area, as well as the histories of the people within the family clans in each prefecture.
Second, this work includes poems related to important relics and incidents. Later editions of Gimsan-related gazetteers separately included such poems in the section on jeyeong(poetical compositions). However, 『Geumneungji』 features poems whenever a relic or information related to an incident was introduced. This can be construed to mean that poems were used as a tool with which to display a profound understanding of relics, and exposes the pride that was taken in local cultural relics.
Third, a reformative social perception is clearly on display in this private gazetteer. Unlike other government and private gazetteers that were focused on delivering information pertaining to phenomenal events, Yeo Imyeong critically reported on the reality of the time and shed light on reformative ideas. In particular, Yeo wrote about the reality of local areas in the sections on literati halls, public county schools, bridges, and county administration. He also showed signs of critical analyses and reform proposals and comprehensively summarized the reality of the time in the sections on general theory, customs, and abuses.
In conclusion, because it was compiled in a different manner than previous gazetteers, 『Geumneungji』 helps to shed light on the state of Gimsan during the 18th century in a more comprehensive manner. The records of personal histories, which include information about residences and inheritances. provide unique materials with which to analyze the prevailing trends within local communities during the 18th century. In addition, this book is also significant in that Yu Hyeongwon’s perceptions of the reforms attempted during the 17th century were collected in this local gazetteer by his in-law Bae Sangyu and his pupils. This insight into the problems of the day and reflections on the notion of reform found in a local gazetteer imply that the tenets of Silhak(Practical Learning) had by this point spread in local communities.

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