18세기 후반 역사지리에 대한 인식과 유득공의 『사군지』 (People’s view of Historical Geography in the 18th century’s latter half, and Yu Deuk-gong’s Sagun-ji (四郡志))

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국역사연구회
· 수록지 정보 : 역사와 현실 / 124호 / 49 ~ 76페이지
· 저자명 : 김현정

초록

이 연구는 『사군지(四郡志)』를 통해 정조대 역사지리 인식을 살펴보려는 것이다. 유득공의 『사군지』(1801 이후)는 『발해고(渤海考)』(1784)와 더불어 조선후기 역사지리학에서 중요한 위치를 차지한다. 유득공이 정조대 규장각 검서관이자 연행 경험을 가졌다는 것만으로는 『발해고』와 『사군지』의 집필동기가 전부 설명되지 않는다. 조선의 지리와 역사에 대한 고민이 보이는데도, 기존 연구는 그가 ‘고(考)’와 ‘지(志)’, 그리고 ‘사(史)’를 어떻게 구분했는지를 간과해 왔다.
유득공은 『발해고』를 역사서로 완성하지 못했기 때문에 ‘고(考)’라고 했고, 15여 년 뒤 사군(四郡) 관련 저술을 ‘지(志)’라고 했다. 조선후기 사(史)를 지향하던 관점에서 고(考)와 지(志)는 부족함을 지니거나 사(史)의 하위 분류에 불과했다. 그러나 정조대 전국지리지 편찬 사업(1788)은 이러한 분위기를 바꿔놓았다. 정조는 지리지도 사(史)를 드러내는 또다른 방법이라고 강조했다. 따라서 유득공이 『사군지』를 저술할 때에는 『발해고』처럼 ‘부족한 사(史)’라고 여기지 않아도 되었다. 지(志) 자체를 사(史)의 또다른 형태라 할 수 있었기 때문이다.
이로 볼 때, 18세기 후반 정조의 전국지리지 편찬은 미완의 사업으로 끝난 게 아니었다. 그 사업이 추구한 방향은 다양한 형태로 조선의 사회문화에 영향을 주었다. 그 중 하나가 바로 유득공의 『사군지』였다.

영어초록

Examined in this article is how the Joseon people perceived the concept of Historical Geography -and its nature as an academic area- during the reign of King Jeongjo, through Yu Deuk-gong’s Sagun-ji(四郡志) as an example. Sagun-ji(1801, or later), alongside Balhae-go(渤海考, 1784), is an extremely important achievement in the Historical Geography studies of the Joseon dynasty’s latter half. However, the reason for his authoring both Balhae-go and Sagun-ji in the first place has never been explained satisfactorily. The fact that he served as a Geomseo-gwan(檢書官) official at the Gyujanggak(奎章閣) Academy, and once traveled to the Chinese Capital at Beijing(Yeon’gyeong, 燕京), is simply not enough. He was apparently very engaged in studying Joseon’s geography and its history, yet previous studies never paid enough attention to how he distinguished ‘Examination(考, Go)’ from ‘Treatise(志, Ji)’, and those two from ‘History(史, Sa).’ As he was not able to complete Balhae-go as a ‘History book,’ Yu Deukgong had to label it as an “Examination(考).” Then roughly 15 years later, he called his own writing of the Four Commanderies(四郡, Sagun) as a ‘Treatise(志).’ Compared to the level of ‘History(史),’ which intellectuals of the time were all aspiring to achieve in their works, ‘Examination(考)’ and ‘Treatise(志)’ were rather Sub-categories of ‘History,’ lacking certain qualities which would –if present- elevate them(考･志) to the level of a true History book. A publication project, however, which intended to compile a dynasty-wise Geography Manual(Jiri-ji, 地理志) launched during King Jeongjo’s reign (1788) completely changed the atmosphere, as well as certain previous notions. Jeongjo believed that Geography Manuals were also another form of ‘History(史).’ Yu Deuk-gong as well, while writing Sagun-ji, did not consider the result of his studies as some kind of inferior form of writing compared to History, as he did at the time of authoring Balhae-go. To him in this time around, unlike when he was writing Balhae-go, ‘Ji(志, Treatise)’ was just another form of ‘Sa(史, History).’ And that is why he labelled it Sagun-ji.
In that sense, Jeongjo’s efforts to compile a dynasty-wise Geography Manual in the late 18th century was not an unfinished task. The direction it took indeed affected and inspired the Joseon society’s cultural atmosphere in a variety of ways, and one of the results was apparently Yu Deuk-gong’s Sagun-ji.

참고자료

· 없음