近代 韓國의 中國語文法 수용 고찰－日帝强占期 中國語 敎材를 중심으로－ (Accommodation of Chinese grammar in the Korean Modern times: Focused on Chinese textbook during Japanese colonial period)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 동아인문학회
· 수록지 정보 : 동아인문학 / 35호 / 158 ~ 180페이지
· 저자명 : 신미섭

초록

최근 국내에서는 일제강점기 중국어 교재에 대한 발굴과 연구가 이루어지기 시작했다. 당시의 교재는 이전의 조선시대에 발행된 중국어 교재와 달리 초보적인 문법 내용이 수록되어 있다. 본고는 이들 교재에 담긴 문법내용을 검토하여 근대 서양인에 의해 만들어진 중국어 교재와 일본의 메이지(明治)시대 중국어 교재와 비교하여 일제강점기 중국에 교재가 서양의 문법개념을 어떻게 수용하고 발전시켰는지 고찰하고자 한다. 서양의 문법 개념과 내용은 서양의 사상과 문화가 대량으로 동양에 유입된 개화기에 수용되기 시작했다. 주로 서양의 선교사나 학자 혹은 관료에 의해 중국어의 문법이 연구되었고 이러한 내용은 일본의 메이지 시대의 교재에 많은 영향을 주었다. 당시 이러한 조류는 한국에 영향을 주었고 최근 발굴된 일제강점기 중국어 회화교재에 이러한 내용을 확인할 수 있다.
현재 국내에서 진행되는 중국어 문법에 대한 연구는 주로 중국으로부터 받은 영향이 중심으로 이루어지고 있다. 그러나 본고를 통해 중국의 영향을 받기 이전 개화기 한국에서는 서양의 문법서와 일본의 연구 역시 한국의 중국어 문법 연구에 영향을 미쳤다는 사실을 확인할 수 있을 것이다.

영어초록

In this research, we examine the textbooks for teaching Chinese Language in Korea during the Japanese occupation period and in Japan during Meiji Restoration period. We discuss how the concepts of morphology and syntax were being accepted in Chinse learning at that time, and why it is important to consider it when we establish the history of Chinese language education in Korea.
During the Japanese occupation period in Korea, Chinese textbooks were colloquial. Since they were not meant to be a grammar book for language experts, systematic classification of parts of speech was not done. Each part of speech was mentioned individually wherever grammatical explanation is necessary, and the names and kinds of the part of speech vary among different textbooks. In case of classification and names of parts of speech, ≪語言自邇集≫ explains colloquial style of Chinese spoken in Peking using the concepts of Western linguistics. It proposed noun, article, unit, adjective, pronoun, verb, adverb, preposition, conjunction and exclamation as parts of speech. During the Meiji Restoration period in Japan, parts of speech were classified basically into 9 categories in Chinese textbooks - noun, pronoun, verb, adjective, adverb, unit, number, exclamation. It is notable that ≪語言自邇集≫ has contents related with time constraint of the verbs, and Chinese textbooks in Meiji period in Japan also consistently classify the tense based on “past”, “present”, and “future”, which is reflected on the Chinese textbooks in Korea during the Japanese occupation.
On the other hand, under Japanese occupation textbooks present even relatively orthodox interpretations. Through these, textbooks adopt the concept of western language grammar. However, since they were colloquial textbooks they lacked detailed and systematic explanations. Also, it appears that some grammatical concepts were author's own independent interpretation. This is because Chinese language education was not done by the formal educational institute but rather they rely on night study group or self study. But the textbooks during Japanese occupation period had concepts of grammar which did not appear before. It was because of inflow of western grammar concepts. These concepts of Chinese grammar originated when westerners wrote books in Chinese, and also affected directly and indirectly by Meiji period textbooks. Even though the contents were not complete, it shows us that the concept of grammar in Chinese learning was introduced and accepted at that time. Therefore, when we discuss the history of Chinese language education in Korea the acceptance of Chinese grammar during the Japanese occupation period must be examined.

참고자료

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