5胡16國 시기 後趙의 통치정책 연구 -胡族과 漢族에 대한 二元化政策을 중심으로- (A Study of Policies of the Ruling of Hou-Zhao an age of 5Hu 16Guo)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국외국어대학교 중국연구소
· 수록지 정보 : 중국연구 / 69권 / 159 ~ 184페이지
· 저자명 : 김영환

초록

羯族 정권 後趙의 성공적인 건립과 몰락은 크게 두 가지로 귀결된다고 하겠다. 즉 胡漢二元化 정책으로 정권 초창기에는 성공적으로 정권을 유지하였지만, 정권 후반기에 이르러 胡漢二元化 정책의 엄격한 적용으로 통치계층 내부의 균열을 가져왔다. 즉 胡族을 國人(羯族)과 胡人(六夷)로 구별하여 차별적인 정책을 시행하여 종족간의 모순을 격화시킨 것이 실패의 첫째 요인이다. 다음은 士族의 지나친 중시가 後趙 정치 시책에서 가장 두드러진 것이었다. 즉 정권 건립 초창기에는 중, 하급 사족과 고급 사족간의 갈등을 적극 이용하였다. 또 西晉 왕조의 旣得權層이었던 고급 사족을 대량 학살함으로써 기득권층의 대대적인 교체를 이룩하여 중하급 사족의 옹호를 얻었다. 이 점은 後趙가 西晉과 東晋의 문란한 통치에 비해 다소 새로운 기상을 보인 것이다. 그러나 後趙 통치자의 중, 하급 사족 우대 정책은 정권 건립 후반기에 이르러 9品中正制의 시행으로 인하여 중하급 사족은 또다시 실망하고 불만을 가지게 되었으며, 이로 인하여 정권의 존립은 다시 위태롭게 되었다.

영어초록

Hou-Zhao family as the ruling center layer, the main control of Hou-Zhao's state organs, the operation of the ruling system, and through the brutal murder of Han higher grades intellectual class(Shi-Zu), the active acquisition of the lower grades of the intellectual class(Shi-Zu), to rule the Han. The method of buying the Han families is the official hereditary system, and the implementation of the 9Pin-Zhong-Zheng System. In the domination of the Jie family regime, the Han families is also legitimate to build the ruling layer. Although the proportion of Han ethnic group occupied the majority, but because the Han ethnic group only manages the Han family region, therefore has the certain limitation. Although the intellectual class(Shi-Zu) in the Guo-Ren(Jie family) and Hu-Ren(six barbarians) subordinate position, but the literati and the Jie family continue to carry out exchanges and cultural integration, so that the custom of the Jie family and the Han family made the outstanding contribution. The peasantry is the object of exploitation, the source of military service and the source of taxes. On agricultural production help.
On the whole, the successful establishment and decline of Hou-Zhao Jie family after the regime can be summed up in two points, that is, although Hu-Han's dual policy was successfully maintained in the early years of the regime, in the second half of the regime, Hu-Sino dual policy of the implementation, resulting in the divisions within the ruling class. That is, the Guo-Ren(Jie family) and the Hu-Ren(six barbarians) distinction, harsh differences in the implementation of policies, resulting in a sharp ethnic conflicts, this is the primary factor of failure.
Followed by Hou-Zhao for the aristocratic family too much attention should not be underestimated. That is, the early establishment of the regime, the successful use of the middle and lower clans and high intellectual class(Shi-Zu) between the contradictions, a large number of people who have been killed in the Xi-Jin Dynasty to get the right of the high intellectual class(Shi-Zu) making right-level large-scale replacement, get the middle and lower in this regard, the Hou-Zhao style of domination than the Xi-Jin Dynasty and the Dong-Jin Dynasty, the rule of the more unhealthy new meaning. However, after the treatment of Hou-Zhao in the rule, the lower gentry is too preferential treatment, resulting in the establishment of the second half of the regime, the implementation of the 9Pin-Zhong-Zheng System, but also by the lower and middle class of dissatisfaction with the policy and disappointment. So the regime has played a threat.

참고자료

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