육진방언의 종결어미와 청자높임법 ― 중국 조선족자치주 육진방언을 중심으로 (The Hearer Honorific Final Endings in Yukjin Dialect - Yukjin Dialect in Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, China -)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국방언학회
· 수록지 정보 : 방언학 / 20호 / 195 ~ 234페이지
· 저자명 : 곽충구

초록

육진방언의 청자높임법에 대한 앞선 조사 연구에서 누락된 종결어미를 보충하고 청자높임법의 등급, 종결어미의 표기, 의미 특성, 형성, 변화 등에서 이견이 많은 점들을 중심으로 논의하였다. 등급은 하압소체, 하오체, 해라체 외에 반말의 등급을 설정할 필요가 있음을 논의하고 그 반말의 성격을 밝혔다. 표기는 계열이나 통합 및 음운현상의 기술을 고려하여 이루어져야 함을 말하였다. 그리고 이견이 많은 종결어미의 의미 기능에 대해서도 검토하였다. 예컨대, ‘-습꿔니’는 [정중]이나 [친밀]이 아닌 [확인 전달]의 의미 기능을 가지고 있음을 밝혔다. 한편, ‘-습-’이 하압소체 어미에서는 청자 높임의 기능을 담당하지만 하오체 어미에서는 그 기능을 상실하였다. ‘-습데’, ‘-습니’ 따위와 같은 어미들이 그 예인데 이들 하오체 어미는 본디 하압소체 어미의 ‘-습데다’, ‘-습니다’의 ‘-다’가 절단된 것이다. 한편, ‘-습구마’는 ‘-는구마’에 ‘-습-’이 결합되어 형성된 것이고, ‘-슴둥’은 연결어미 ‘-는둥’에 역시 ‘-습-’이 결합된 뒤 ‘-는-’이 탈락되어 형성된 것이라 하였다. 그리고 육진방언 종결어미의 형성은 다섯 가지 유형이 있다는 사실을 말하였다.

영어초록

This article provides a list of the hearer honorific final endings in Yukjin Dialect with some complements omitted in the previous studies and discusses several controversial issues, such as the hearer honorific system and its levels in the dialect, and transcription, meaning, formation and change of each final ending. It is argued that the honorific system consists not only of such levels as haapso, hao and haera, but also banmal, a level devoid of honorific marker. The characteristic of hao-style is that it covers hage-style of Standard Korean. When we transcribe the final endings with Hangeul, their phonemic alternations or their paradigmatic and syntagmatic relations must be taken into account, e.g. –pkkuma/-seukkuma (-ㅂ꾸마/-스꾸마) → -eupkuma/-seupkuma (-읍구마/-습구마). Moreover, I discuss meanings of several contentious final endings: –seupkuma (-습구마) and –seupkkwoni (-습꿔니), for instance, are not differentiated from one another by [Politeness] or [Familiarity], but by [Notification after Confirmation], a feature that only belongs to the latter, and for this reason the two final endings show different syntagmatic patterns when they are attached to pre-final endings; –seupkkwani (-습꽈니), which was formerly regarded as a variety of –seupkkwoni (-습꿔니), is in fact an imperative final ending representing ‘Wish’ or ‘Hope.’ As for honorific endings, there are –seup- (-습-) and –i- (-이-), and the former has more active function than the latter. If –eupsi/-seupsi (-읍시/-습시) are inserted, the expression becomes more polite. –seup- (-습-) occurs in hao-style as well as haapso-style final endings. Those final endings were formed by cutting –ta (-다) from haapso-style endings originally containing –seup- (-습-) and –i- (-이-), and they are used in Yukjin rather than Northeastern Dialect because the use of those final endings have declined since new haapso-style endings appeared in Yukjin Dialect. This is the reason why the final endings in each level show the asymmetric morphological correspondence. The formation of the final endings are classified into five types: first, the original Yukjin Dialect ones as –seupkuma (-습구마), -seumdung (-슴둥) which were formed by –neun- (-는-) deletion from –seupneunguma (-습는구마) and –seupneundung (-습는둥) respectively, both of which were composed of –seup- (-습-) and –neunguma (-는구마) or –neundung (-는둥). Second, the ones containing –seup- (-습-) and –i- (-이-), e.g. –seupneda (-습네다); third, the ones containing –seup- (-습-) and –i- (-이-) before banmal- or hao-style final endings, e.g. –seupti (-습디), -seupso (-습소), -seuptame (-습다메), -seupteurame (-습더라메); fourth, the ones originated from syntactic constructions, e.g. -tyaeniri (-댸니리); finally, the fused ones originally containing -zʌβ- (--), e.g. –dyaeniwa (-댸니와).

참고자료

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