연방헌법 수정조항 제19조의 제정－전국여성당, 전미여성참정권협회 그리고 윌슨의 역할을 중심으로－ (National Woman’s Party, National American Woman Suffrage Association and Wilson in passing the Nineteenth Amendment)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국서양사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 서양사론 / 113호 / 200 ~ 240페이지
· 저자명 : 박현숙

초록

Woman’s suffrage movement which had started in the early 19th century drew its final curtain as the Nineteenth Amendment was passed both in the House and the Senate and was finally ratified in 1920. It had been an arduous and long struggle and two woman’s organizations, National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) and Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage/National Woman’s Party (NWP) played a critical role in achieving this goal.
For this reason two organizations and their work had been studied.
However, in the 1980s two articles appeared to shed new lights on Wilson’s role in passing the amendment and contended different view points on his role. As I reviewed these articles and other more specialized studies on the two organizations I arrived at a conclusion that Wilson’s role could not only be overlooked but should be reviewed from a different perspective. Moreover, the amendment was the unintentionally cooperated work of these three, two organizations and Wilson. To confirm my conclusion I studied the work of Congressional Union in the first chapter, the work of the National American Woman Suffrage Association in the second chapter and finally Wilson’s role and how they elaborately helped each other in passing the amendment unconsciously as well as unintentionally in the third chapter. Reviewing their works, I reached a conclusion that each other’s work in a way benefited the counter organization and even pushed Wilson to reconsider his viewpoint on woman’s suffrage. For example, declaration of refusal to participate in the war effort by National Woman’s Party elevated the image of NAWSA which pronounced to devote in war work. Their patriotic service actually earned the goodwill of the public and gained leverage over politicians. On the other hand, picketing of NWP forced Wilson and the public to reexamine the issues of woman’s suffrage and democracy in extended perspective and made room for NAWSA to compromise with Wilson and to maintain intimate relationship. NAWSA’s elaborate and cooperative work and NWP’s aggressive tactics operated in a way for Wilson to actively participate in passing the Nineteenth Amendment.

영어초록

Woman’s suffrage movement which had started in the early 19th century drew its final curtain as the Nineteenth Amendment was passed both in the House and the Senate and was finally ratified in 1920. It had been an arduous and long struggle and two woman’s organizations, National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) and Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage/National Woman’s Party (NWP) played a critical role in achieving this goal.
For this reason two organizations and their work had been studied.
However, in the 1980s two articles appeared to shed new lights on Wilson’s role in passing the amendment and contended different view points on his role. As I reviewed these articles and other more specialized studies on the two organizations I arrived at a conclusion that Wilson’s role could not only be overlooked but should be reviewed from a different perspective. Moreover, the amendment was the unintentionally cooperated work of these three, two organizations and Wilson. To confirm my conclusion I studied the work of Congressional Union in the first chapter, the work of the National American Woman Suffrage Association in the second chapter and finally Wilson’s role and how they elaborately helped each other in passing the amendment unconsciously as well as unintentionally in the third chapter. Reviewing their works, I reached a conclusion that each other’s work in a way benefited the counter organization and even pushed Wilson to reconsider his viewpoint on woman’s suffrage. For example, declaration of refusal to participate in the war effort by National Woman’s Party elevated the image of NAWSA which pronounced to devote in war work. Their patriotic service actually earned the goodwill of the public and gained leverage over politicians. On the other hand, picketing of NWP forced Wilson and the public to reexamine the issues of woman’s suffrage and democracy in extended perspective and made room for NAWSA to compromise with Wilson and to maintain intimate relationship. NAWSA’s elaborate and cooperative work and NWP’s aggressive tactics operated in a way for Wilson to actively participate in passing the Nineteenth Amendment.

참고자료

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