六朝 시기 해상 교역과 상업, 국가 재정 (Maritime trade, commercial market and national finance in the Six Dynasties)

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초록

Maritime trade, commercial market and national finance in the Six Dynasties Kim, Suk-Woo

This article tried to explain the importance of maritime trade in the medieval southern China, Six Dynasties(六朝). Even though ‘the sea silk road’ opened in Han dynasty, the Indian Ocean and the South China sea trade was increased rapidly in the Six Dynasties period. The main reason of such growth was the development of ocean sailing technology. Ships were equipped with several sails and the sailors understood the effect of trade wind. Such technology made chinese merchant sail to the Indian Ocean much faster than Han sailors. And Han sailors used to sail along the coast, but the merchants of Six Dynasties made a voyage on the ocean. The port of Guang-Zhou became a starting point of a long ocean cruise.
The growth of maritime trade stimulated the inner commercial trade of Southern Empires (南朝). Lingnan(嶺南), the center of maritime trade and Jiankang(建康), the capital of the dynasty, both became the two axis of inner commercial network. The energy of Jiankang’s market system partly depended upon the Lingnan’s maritime trade. It also stimulated the appearance of village market(草市), which was prohibited in Han times, it showed that the common village farmers were used to buy and sell in near small market. And Persian silver coin which was imported by maritime traders, was circulated in the Lingnan region. It strongly proved that the ocean trade was the matter to develop the inner commercial trade of Six Dynasties.
Even though there was no official institution of state running system for maritime trade, which was appeared at Tang dynasty, the benefit of trade was integrated into the dynasty finance by several ways. Lingnan provincial governors tributed their imported goods to Jiankang. And the main part of dynastic financial income was not came from the collection of grain or silk, but came from commercial tax which was collected by currency. Such tax came from the commercial benefit, which was partly depended on the maritime trade. And there was a unique custom of ‘huanzi(還資)’, that was the tribute of a provincial governor who finished his terms. That custom was another way to collect the maritime imports, it also supported the dynasty finance. Like this, the maritime trade was essential part to maintain the Six Dynasties finance. It proved the importance of a maritime trade of Six dynasties.

영어초록

Maritime trade, commercial market and national finance in the Six Dynasties Kim, Suk-Woo

This article tried to explain the importance of maritime trade in the medieval southern China, Six Dynasties(六朝). Even though ‘the sea silk road’ opened in Han dynasty, the Indian Ocean and the South China sea trade was increased rapidly in the Six Dynasties period. The main reason of such growth was the development of ocean sailing technology. Ships were equipped with several sails and the sailors understood the effect of trade wind. Such technology made chinese merchant sail to the Indian Ocean much faster than Han sailors. And Han sailors used to sail along the coast, but the merchants of Six Dynasties made a voyage on the ocean. The port of Guang-Zhou became a starting point of a long ocean cruise.
The growth of maritime trade stimulated the inner commercial trade of Southern Empires (南朝). Lingnan(嶺南), the center of maritime trade and Jiankang(建康), the capital of the dynasty, both became the two axis of inner commercial network. The energy of Jiankang’s market system partly depended upon the Lingnan’s maritime trade. It also stimulated the appearance of village market(草市), which was prohibited in Han times, it showed that the common village farmers were used to buy and sell in near small market. And Persian silver coin which was imported by maritime traders, was circulated in the Lingnan region. It strongly proved that the ocean trade was the matter to develop the inner commercial trade of Six Dynasties.
Even though there was no official institution of state running system for maritime trade, which was appeared at Tang dynasty, the benefit of trade was integrated into the dynasty finance by several ways. Lingnan provincial governors tributed their imported goods to Jiankang. And the main part of dynastic financial income was not came from the collection of grain or silk, but came from commercial tax which was collected by currency. Such tax came from the commercial benefit, which was partly depended on the maritime trade. And there was a unique custom of ‘huanzi(還資)’, that was the tribute of a provincial governor who finished his terms. That custom was another way to collect the maritime imports, it also supported the dynasty finance. Like this, the maritime trade was essential part to maintain the Six Dynasties finance. It proved the importance of a maritime trade of Six dynasties.

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